肖水平 刘新稳 杨绍群 陈宜 孙亮庆 柯兴盛

摘要：为了选育出适合江西棉区两熟或多熟种植模式的早熟棉花新品种或组合，本试验利用早熟短季棉品种为亲本之一，与另一中熟或中晚熟优质、丰产亲本进行杂交，并对配制的21个杂交组合进行F1代优势测定分析。结果表明：该批参试组合生育期均值为117天，比对照早熟8天，属早熟棉品种类型；单株成铃整体偏低，均值仅为19.4个，远低于对照；单铃重和衣分均较高，均值分别达6.0 g和44.2%，均与对照一致；株高、果枝层数、果枝始节等均低于对照，表现出早熟的特性；另外，该批参试组合籽棉、皮棉产量整体偏低，但纤维品质与对照差异不大。经综合比较分析，筛选出综合性状较好组合材料5份，分别是组合1、8、9、14及16号，可进一步利用。

关键词：棉花；不同熟性；F1代；比较

中图分类号： S562.035 文献标识码： A 文章编号：2095-3143（2016）04-0018-07

DOI：10.3969/j.issn.2095-3143.2016.04.004

Abstract：In order to foster early-maturing cotton varieties，and vigorously carry out two planting or multiple cropping patterns in Jiangxi cotton field. By using precocious short season cotton varieties as one of the parent， and hybrided with the other one medium or late-maturing parent with the features of high quality and high yield. And did competitive advantage analysis on the 21 F1 generation materials which had different mature parents. The results indicated that the average growth period of those combinations was 117 days， 8 days shorter than control， which belonged to the early maturity type； the boll numbers were low as a whole， their average was only 19.4， which was far lower than the control； their single boll weight and lint percent were higher， the mean value of which was 6.0 g and 44.2% respectively， which were consistent with the control； the plant height， fruit branch number， and the first node of fruit branch were lower than the control， showed the precocious characteristics. In addition， the seed cotton yield and lint yield of those combinations were low as a whole， but the fiber quality was not different with the control. By comprehensive comparative analysis， we selected 5 composite materials with better comprehensive properties， including the number 1， 8， 9， 14， 16， which should be farther used.

Key words：Cotton；Different maturation；F1 generation；Comparison

0 引言

近年来，受棉花种植成本的增加、籽棉收购价格下降及劳动力短缺等因素影响，棉田生产效益逐年低下，棉农收益得不到保障，植棉积极性大大受挫，棉花生产面积出现大幅萎缩[1-2]。因此，有必要转变棉花生产种植模式，推广应用早熟棉品种，推行棉田两熟或多熟制种植模式，探索集成棉花生产轻简化植棉新技术[3-5]。因此，在长江流域棉区，选育和推广早熟棉花新品种变得尤为重要，一方面可推迟播种期，有效缩短棉花大田生长期，达到节约棉花生产管理成本，棉田增效的目的，另一方面有利于茬口对接，为后茬作物种植腾出足够的生长发育时间，可有效地提高棉田周年效益[2]。……