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适于长江流域棉区机采的品种引进筛选试验

2016-11-15周家华李洪菊黄昌武邓军波杨芳王光俊韩秀秀王寒涛王龙

棉花科学 2016年5期

周家华 李洪菊 黄昌武 邓军波 杨芳 王光俊 韩秀秀 王寒涛 王龙

摘要:通过从中国农业科学院棉花研究所、华中农业大学和湖北省农业科学院共引进26个棉花品种(或品系)于2015年荆门农业科学院团林基地试验田开展适于机采棉品种筛选的试验,使用适合机采棉的栽培管理措施,以期筛选出适宜长江流域栽培的优质高产的机采棉品种。综合产量和生育特性结果表明:生育期较短的中杂2021和中杂2022是适合麦后或者油后直播的一年两熟栽培机采棉材料,生育期较长的400837和华棉3109是适合一年一熟的机采棉材料。

关键词:长江流域棉区;机采棉;品种;筛选试验

中图分类号:S562.037 文献标志码:A 文章编号:2095-3143(2016)05-0039-05

DOI:10.3969/j.issn.2095-3143.2016.05.008

Abstract: The experiment of screening cotton varieties suitable for mechanical harvesting was carried out in Jinmen Academy of Agriculrural Sciences in 2015. Those 26 screening varieties (lines) which were planted with the cultivation management measures suitable for mechanization harvest were introduced from Institute of Cotton Research of CAAS, Huangzhong Agricultural University and Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, planted. The results according to yield and growth character showed that the varieties of Zhongza 2021 and Zhongza 2022 which had shorter growth period were suitable for direct seeding after wheat or oil with mechanical yield two crops a year, but the other two varieties (400837 and Huamian 3109) which had longer growth period were suitable for one mechanical harvest a year.

Key words: Yangtze River Cotton Region; Mechanical harvesting cotton; Variety; Screening test

0 引言

棉花是我国重要的经济作物,在我国农业产业和纺织工业发展中占有重要地位。近年来,随着农村剩余劳动力的减少,劳动力成本和其他农作物机械化水平的提高,棉花种植面临着收益不断降低,长江流域棉花种植面积逐年下降。实现棉花全程机械化是解决目前我国棉花种植产业困境的重要出路,而筛选适合机械化种植和采收的棉花品种对于推广机械采收至关重要。在新疆棉花主产区,机械化采收工作已日趋成熟[1,2],在黄河流域棉区也有研究单位在机械化种植和采收进行了探索[3-5],而在长江流域棉区,棉花机械化采收仍处于摸索阶段,相关报道较少。

近几年随着农业劳动力的成本上升,棉花种植成本越来越高,棉花机采方式将会成为棉花生产的主要采收模式。……

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