论中国古代图书凡例中的植入广告
2016-11-10李鹏
李鹏
[摘 要] 中国明清时期图书出版者充分利用凡例位于一书卷首这一位置优势,在其中植入各种广告。坊刻小说之外,与科举考试关系较为密切的经义、类书、史书、总集以及子部中偏实用的如术数、医学类图书的凡例中也多植广告。这些广告包括夸耀性广告语辞、征稿广告、刻书预告以及版权警示语等,表达方式分直陈式与比较式,而后者尤见宣传技巧。图书出版史上的凡例广告对于当下图书出版业者仍有一定启示作用。
[关键词] 明清图书出版业 凡例 广告 图书行销
[中图分类号] G237 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1009-5853 (2016) 05-0116-05
The Advertisements Embedded in Chinese Ancient Books Fanli
Li Peng
(School of Culture and Communication,Central University of Finance and Economics, Beijing,100081)
[Abstract] The article discusses the advertisements embedded in Chinese ancient books fanli(a specification about the books content or how the book was edited), which included advertising message, the notice to contributors ,the fornotice of some other books publishing and the avowal of copyright. Such advertisements mostly appeared in the novel books printed in the Ming and Qing Dynasty, but we also could find them in other books.
[Key words] Publishing industry in the Ming and Qing Dynasty Fanli Advertisement Book marketing
凡例,或作“例言”“发凡”,间亦有称“释例”“义例”“条例”“略例”“起凡”者。凡例的起源,或可追溯至晋杜预《春秋释例》,袁枚为其《小仓山房文集》撰写凡例即称:“古文本无例也,自杜征南有发凡起例之说,后人因之。”[1]《春秋释例》本来是用来解释《左氏春秋》行文义例的,后来成书单行传世。但后世凡例大多位于一书正文之前(倘若该书兼具序文和目录,则多位于序文之后、目录之前),是著者或编者用来说明图书性质、图书内容以及写作或编辑体例的文字。作为说明性文字,凡例用语本应较为平实,但著者或编者因为敝帚自珍,不由自主地自我夸耀起来;或者是亲戚故旧因为人情世故加以恭维吹捧;或者是编撰者、出版者出于促进销售的目的,有意识地用耸动视听的语辞加以推介。无论哪种情况,都是希望读者因此重视该书,使其得以流传于世。不过,同为褒扬夸示性语辞,前两者的商业气息远不如后者浓重。……
