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国外数字学术出版初探

2016-11-10韩小亚徐变云

出版科学 2016年5期

韩小亚 徐变云

[摘 要] 介绍4种国外数字学术出版模式,分别是虚拟图书馆模式、数字仓库模式、学术文集模式、学术社区模式,并分析各种模式的优点和弊端。指出数字学术出版模式处于发展变迁状态,其发展经验与前景为:数字学术出版市场主要集中于院校机构,而非个体消费者;数字学术出版物的发行并不会分流纸版书的销量;数字内容版权的不确定性、不透明性严重影响该领域的发展进程;学术期刊出版和学术专著出版有重叠领域,值得开发;出版商的生存和发展取决于所出版图书的价值和数字化系统开发。

[关键词] 数字学术出版 虚拟图书馆模式 数字仓库模式 学术文集模式 学术社区模式

[中图分类号] G239 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1009-5853 (2016) 05-0097-06

A Review of Digital Academic Publishing Patterns Abroad

Han Xiaoya Xu Bianyun

(Xianyang Normal University Library, Xianyang,712000)

[Abstract] The article introduces four kinds of digital academic publishing patterns abroad,namely the virtual library, the digital warehouse, the collection of academic essays and the academic community. Each kind of patterns has its advantages and disadvantages, and is still in a state of development. The experiences and prospects from their development are as follows: digital academic publishing market mainly concentrated in universities and colleges rather than individual consumers; digital academic publishing has not decreased the sales from the print publications; the uncertainty and opacity of the digital contents copyrights has influenced the progress of the field seriously; academic journal publishing and academic monograph publishing have lots of overlap areas and are worthy of development; publisherss survival and development depends on their publications values and systematically digitalization.

[Key words] Digital scholarly publishing Virtual library mode Digital warehouse model Collection of academic essays mode Academic community pattern

1 引 言

从20世纪90年代中期开始,受期刊出版网络化及学术专著出版日益困难的影响,国外学术出版商和第三方机构热衷于投资学术图书的数字出版试验。到90年代末,伴随学术专著销售的持续下降,学术出版领域很多人都在关注 “学术出版的数字解决方案”[1]。出版商认为学术专著数字化出版能够降低生产成本,避免滞销危险。同时,数字出版能够将出版商从印刷媒介的限制中解放出来:书的厚度和篇幅将不再是困扰出版商的重要问题;读者可以更好地使用插图;出版商可以在出版物中添加动态元素,可以向文本中添加声音和视频。简而言之,学术专著将在数字时代获得重生[2]。1995年至今是学术专著数字出版试验频繁的一个时期。……

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