杨军　杨华林

[摘 要] 明代嘉靖、万历时期江南地区民间书坊蓬勃兴盛，其主要表现有三：一是书坊众多、刻书种类繁多，数量庞大；二是书坊出现的时间相对集中；三是江南地区替代福建建阳成为坊刻重心。民间书坊兴盛折射出士商关系的变化、商人社会地位提高，加快了明代图书出版从初期单纯赞辅政治的单一教化功能向中后期注重民众实用、休闲娱乐功能多元化的转变，为传播明代通俗文化、启蒙思想提供了平台。民间书坊及其出版活动成为影响明代社会文化不可忽视的重要力量之一。

[关键词] 明代出版 江南地区 民间书坊

[中图分类号] G239 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1009-5853 （2016） 05-0111-05

On the Booming of Private Bookstores in the South of Changjiang River in Ming Dynasty and Its Social Implications

Yang Jun Yang Hualin

（School of Journalism and Communication， Shaanxi Normal University，Xian， 710062）（School of Culture & Media， Xian Eurasia University， Xian，710065 ）

[Abstract] During the Jiajing and Wan-li Periods of the Ming Dynasty， private bookstores in the south of Changjiang River were booming and its prosperity mainly displayed in the following three aspects： （1） there were a number of bookstores and they printed various kinds and a large number of books； （2） the bookstores appeared during a relative close time； （3）the south of Changjiang River had replaced Jianyang of Fujian to be the center of book-printing industry. The booming of the private bookstores reflected that the relation between the scholar and the businessman had been changed and that the social status of businessman had improved. It accelerated the shift of the original and single function of edification of book-publishing of Ming Dynasty to the diversification of its practical and recreational function in the later period. It also created a platform to spread popular culture and enlightenment of Ming Dynasty. Private bookstores and their publishing activities had become one of the important forces that influenced the culture and society of Ming Dynasty.

[Key words] Publishing in Ming Dynasty South of Changjiang River Private bookstores

我国出版业经宋元的兴盛与发展，逐渐形成官刻、私刻和坊刻三足鼎立的图书出版业格局。明初几乎每一政府部门都从事刻书活动，官刻在出版业占据绝对主导地位，所刻绝大多数是经史著作。相对于政府出资刻书的官刻，家刻、坊刻都属民间出版，两者的区别在于是否以刻书为业盈利。民间书坊是由民众自行筹集资金创办的以盈利为目的的图书编辑、印刷、出版、发行机构。纵观明代图书出版，有一现象特别引人注目，即官方出版由兴盛而逐渐衰落，而民间出版则由沉寂而迅速发展、勃兴，最终成为明代出版业举足轻重的不可忽视的力量。这一现象在嘉靖、万历年间的江南地区表现得尤其显著。民间书坊蓬勃兴盛有着深刻的社会背景：政治统治由明初的严酷到中后期的逐步松弛，为民间书坊提供了较为宽松的政治（政策）环境；……