基于熵权和多目标优化的投标报价方案优选
2016-10-21南铁雷
南铁雷



摘要: 随着招标投标制的推行以及工程量清单计价方式的实施,我国水利工程建设市场面临着越来越激烈的竞争,投标人为了在尽可能中标的同时实现利益的最大化,往往采用不平衡报价法进行投标。这不仅对发包人的经济利益造成损害,还扰乱了招投标的正常秩序,因此发包人在评标阶段要对各投标方案进行优选。本文将熵权理论引入多目标优化的数学模型中,利用熵权法较为客观地确定各指标权重,并通过分析计算各投标方案与理想点间的相对海明距离,确定各投标方案的不平衡度,从而达到优选投标方案的目的。案例分析表明,该方法准确有效,能够为招标人评标提供参考和依据。
Abstract: With the implementation of the bidding system and the implementation of the bill of quantities, the competition in the construction market of water conservancy projects is becoming increasingly fierce, the bidder in order to achieve the best possible bidder and achieve the maximum benefits, often using unbalanced bidding method. This not only damages the interests of the employer, but also disrupts the normal order of the bidding. Therefore, the employer in the bid evaluation stage to optimize the tender scheme. In this paper, the author introduced the theory of entropy weight into the mathematical model of multi-objective optimization, and used it to determine the index weight objectively. Then the author analysed and calculated the Relative Hamming Distance of each bidding scheme and the ideal point, and determined the degree of imbalance in the tender. Thereby we can select the best winner. The case analysis shows that the method is accurate and effective, and can provide reference and basis for the bid evaluation.
關键词: 熵权;多目标优化;招标投标;不平衡报价
Key words: entropy weight;multi-objective optimization;bid invitation;unbalanced bids
中图分类号:TU712 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1006-4311(2016)09-0030-04
0 引言
随着水利工程建设市场的竞争日趋激烈,投标人为了中标盈利并转移风险,往往采用不平衡报价策略进行投标。不平衡报价是指投标人综合考虑本企业的实际水平和市场因素,通过常规报价分析确定投标总报价后,在总报价基本不变的基础上,刻意增大或减小某些项目的报价,以期带来收益最大化的投标报价策略[1-2]。不平衡报价者一旦中标,必然会导致“低价中标,高价结算”,使发包人的利益遭受损失,因此在评标阶段要对各投标报价方案进行优选,避免不平衡报价者中标。Tong和Lu(1992年)[3]对不平衡报价的概念和运用形式进行了较为详细的分析。……
