李玲河南省南阳市中心医院乳腺甲状腺外科，河南南阳　473000



女性乳腺相关疾病危险因素分析与预防管理措施探讨

李玲
河南省南阳市中心医院乳腺甲状腺外科，河南南阳473000

目的探讨女性乳腺相关疾病的危险因素，为女性预防乳腺相关疾病健康教育提供依据，尽可能全面的提出相应预防管理措施。方法选取1164例乳腺体检女性进行研究，采用乳腺彩超或乳腺钼靶对乳腺进行检查，收集相关数据，找出影响女性乳腺相关疾病的危险因素。结果1164例体检者检出乳腺疾病546例，检出率为46.9%，其中乳腺增生184例，乳腺肿块92例，乳腺炎106例，乳腺纤维瘤118例，乳腺恶性肿瘤46例；已婚女性502例，未婚女性44例；且多集中在30～55岁女性（436例），约占发病女性的79.85%。结论乳腺增生是最常见的乳腺疾病；其中中年女性的乳腺疾病发病率最高；年龄、职业、生活习惯、精神状态均与乳腺疾病发病率密切相关；加强女性乳腺健康知识教育，做好预防管理工作，可提高女性乳腺保健意识，降低乳腺疾病发生率，促进女性乳腺健康。

乳腺相关疾病；危险因素；预防；管理措施

［Abstract］Objective To study the risk factors of female breast related diseases，provide basis for health education of preventing female breast related diseases and try to comprehensively put forwards the corresponding preventive management measures.Methods 1164 cases of females with breast physical examination were researched，and the breast of them was examined by breast color ultrasound or molybdenum target mammography，the relevant data were collected，and the influence factors of female breast related diseases were found out.Results In the 1164 cases of females with physical examination，breast disease occurred to 546 cases，and the detection rate was 46.9%，among them，hyperplasia of mammary glands occurred to 184 cases，breast mass occurred to 92 cases，mammitis occurred to 106 cases，mammary gland fibroma occurred to 118 cases，and breast malignant tumor occurred to 46 cases，and 502 cases were the married woman and 44 cases were the unmarried women，and the women aged from 30 to 55 were the main（436 cases），accounting for 79.85%.Conclusion Hyperplasia of mammary gland is the most common breast disease，the incidence rate of breast disease in middle-aged women is the highest，and the age，occupation，living habits and mental state are closely related to the incidence rate of breast diseases，and enhancing female breast health knowledge education and doing a good job in prevention and management can improve the female breast health awareness，reduce the incidence rate of breast disease，and promote the female breast health.

［Key words］Breast related disease；Risk factor；Prevention；Management measure

乳腺相关疾病是女性常见疾病，严重影响着女性身心健康和生活质量，有数据显示，在发达国家三分之一的女性患有乳腺相关疾病［1］；在我国，随着人们生活质量的提升，女性的自我保健防范意识逐渐增强，越来越多的女性可通过主动体检而早期发现乳腺疾病，尽早治疗；具不完全统计，我国30岁以上女性乳腺疾病患病率约为38.8%～49.3%［2］，这一数据与世界其他国家接近。……