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支气管肺泡灌洗对难治性肺炎的疗效观察

2016-08-03蔡远玲

中国实用医药 2016年18期
关键词:临床疗效安全性

蔡远玲

【摘要】 目的 探讨纤维支气管镜下支气管肺泡灌洗对难治性肺炎的疗效和安全性。方法 90例难治性肺炎患者随机分为治疗组和对照组, 各45例。对照组给予常规治疗, 治疗组在对照组治疗基础上给予纤维支气管镜下支气管肺泡灌洗治疗。观察两组的治疗总有效率、住院时间、治疗费用、治疗前后白细胞介素6(IL-6)和C反应蛋白(CRP)水平及不良反应方面的差异。结果 治疗后, 治疗组患者的总有效率为97.8%, 高于对照组的73.3%(P<0.05);治疗组患者的住院时间(19.39±2.67)d明显短于对照组的(24.35±3.65)d, 治疗费用(3.53±1.64)万元少于对照组的(6.37±3.26)万元, 比较差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗后, 两组IL-6、CRP水平均较治疗前显著降低, 且治疗组下降情况优于对照组, 差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗组10例患者出现呛咳, 大多轻微, 无需特殊处理;2例出现低氧血症, 停止灌洗并退出支气管镜后, 给予 3~5 L/min氧气吸入后指脉氧很快恢复90%以上;对照组无严重不良反应发生。结论 纤维支气管镜下支气管肺泡灌洗治疗难治性肺炎具有良好的疗效及安全性。

【关键词】 难治性肺炎 ;支气管肺泡灌洗;纤维支气管镜;安全性;临床疗效

DOI:10.14163/j.cnki.11-5547/r.2016.18.004

【Abstract】 Objective To investigate curative effect and safety by fiber bronchoscopic bronchoalveolar lavage for refractory pneumonia. Methods A total of 90 refractory pneumonia patients were randomly divided into treatment group and control group, with 45 cases in each group. The control group received conventional therapy, and the treatment group received additional fiber bronchoscopic bronchoalveolar lavage. Observation was made on total effective rate, hospital stay time, treatment cost, interleukin-6 (IL-6), C-reactive protein (CRP) levels and adverse reaction between the two groups. Results After treatment, the treatment group had high total effective rate as 97.8% than 73.3% of the control group (P<0.05), its hospital stay time was much shorter as (19.39±2.67) d than (24.35±3.65) d of the control group, and its treatment cost was much less as (35.30±16.40) thousand yuan than (63.70±32.60) thousand yuan of the control group. Their difference had statistical significance (P<0.05). The After treatment, both groups had obviously lower IL-6 and CRP levels than those before treatment, and the treatment group had better decreasing state than the control group. Their difference had statistical significance (P<0.05). There were 10 bucking cases with mild symptoms and no special treatment and 2 hyoxemia cases with recovery of pulse oxygen over 90% after ceased lavage, bronchoscope withdrawal, and oxygen inhalation by 3~5 L/min. There was no case with severe adverse reactions in the control group. Conclusion Fiber bronchoscopic bronchoalveolar lavage provides precisely curative effect and safety in treating refractory pneumonia.

【Key words】 Refractory pneumonia; Bronchoalveolar lavage; Fiber bronchoscope; Safety; Clinical effect

难治性肺炎是呼吸科患者死亡的重要原因, 常见人群为儿童、老年人及免疫力低下人群。随着抗生素的不规范应用及老龄化人口的增加, 难治性肺炎的发生率呈现升高的趋势[1]。该类患者往往住院时间较长、费用较高, 病情迁延不愈。纤维支气管镜下支气管肺泡灌洗已经应用于呼吸系统疾病的诊断和治疗, 并取得了一定的疗效[2, 3]。本研究探讨纤维支气管镜下支气管肺泡灌洗对难治性肺炎的疗效和安全性, 现报告如下。

1 资料与方法

1. 1 一般资料 选择2014年1月~2015年6月在本科普通病房及重症监护室诊治的90例难治性肺炎患者作为研究对象, 其中男53例, 女37例, 年龄25~68岁, 平均年龄(52.7±

5.4)岁。所有患者均排除先天性支气管血管畸形和呼吸系统肿瘤等疾病, 符合知情同意原则, 并签署知情同意书;无支气管镜诊治禁忌证。根据随机数字表法将患者分为治疗组及对照组, 各45例。两组患者一般资料比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05), 具有可比性。……

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