高中英语语法填空题解题小妙招
2016-06-21侯光军
侯光军
语法填空是近几年全国新课标卷上出现的一种新型题型,作为高考的必考题,我们教师有必要从高一开始就训练学生的解题策略和技巧。这类题型侧重考查学生对语境的理解,把握和运用语言的能力。它的题型设置主要有两类:括号给词和纯空格两大类。解题关键是要求学生会分析句子结构,准确理解语篇意义及句子意义,善于把握句子间的逻辑关系。以下是笔者在多年的实践教学中总结的一些解题妙招。
1. 纯空格题型的解题妙招
这类题型难度较大,但也有方法可寻。它主要涉及的词有介词,连词,冠词,代词等。
1) 利用固定搭配或习惯搭配来解题,这就要求学生牢记所学短语和搭配。例如:
They are concerned about the boys health.
We enjoyed ourselves at Marys birthday party.
It was raining heavily. As a result, we had to stay at home.
2) 利用句型格式解题,这类题主要涉及连词。连词包括并列连词和从属连词。这就要求学生会分析句型结构。
A型: _____ 句子,句子。这类肯定为从属连词,要求学生掌握各种从句。例如:
As we know, the internet also brings us some troubles.
B型:句子 ______ 句子,这类考查并列和从属连词。例如:
He passed the exam because he had worked hard before.
He passed the exam and jumped happily.
3) 利用关联短语结构来解题。常见的有:not only ... but also, both ... and, either ... or, neither ... nor, the same ... as等等。例如:
Both Jack and Tom are from America.
4) 利用上下文判定人称代词。例如:
There was an old man in the village ... He was respected by all the people in the village.
2. 括号内给提示词的解题妙招
这类型的题目多涉及名词,动词,形容词,副词等。解题时首先看括号内提供的词以及它的派生词,如提供(disappoint),我们就要想到它的派生词:disappointing, disappointed, disappointment, 然后根据句法结构,语法结构来判断所用词的准确形式。
1) 动词 如需动词,先看句子缺谓语还是非谓语:谓语关注时态和语态;非谓语关注它的几种形式。例如:
Devoted (devote) to his scientific research, he was praised.
解析:考查非谓语。be devoted to。
He said he would have his bike repaired. (repair)
解析:考查非谓语 have sth. done。……
