冠心病介入治疗患者个体化抗血小板治疗进展
2016-05-14陈泽宇覃数
陈泽宇 覃数
[摘要] 冠心病已成为威胁我国人民身体健康的重大心血管疾病之一。经皮冠状动脉支架植入术是治疗严重冠心病的重要方法,为了减少术后支架内血栓事件的发生率,术后服用双联抗血小板药物得到了各国指南推介。氯吡格雷是最常用的双联抗血小板药物之一,但研究显示,部分患者服用氯吡格雷后,仍有较高的支架内血栓发生率,即存在血小板抵抗(high on-treatment platelet reactivity,HTPR)。对于这部分患者,增加氯吡格雷剂量或改换药物能否改善HTPR,目前研究结果仍有争议。本文从HTPR的筛查方法、新型抗血小板药物的应用以及预后等方面对该问题进行综述。
[关键词] 冠心病;氯吡格雷;血小板抵抗;个体化治疗
[中图分类号] R541.4 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1673-9701(2016)09-0163-06
[Abstract] Coronary heart disease has been become one of the major cardiovascular disease, which threat to people's health in our country, percutaneous coronary artery stent implantation is an important method for the treatment of severe coronary heart disease, the postoperative double antiplatelet drugs are the national guidelines, in order to reduce the stent thrombosis events incidence, clopidogrel is one of the most commonly used dual antiplatelet drugs, while the study showed that there were still a high stent thrombosis incidence after taken clopidogrel in some patients. The platelet resistance(high on-treatment platelet reactivity, HTPR) was the factor, for this part of the patients, the results of whether the increase of clopidogrel dose or the change of drugs can improve the HTPR is still controversial at present, in this article, we reviewed the HTPR screening method, the application of new anti platelet drugs and the prognosis of the patients,
[Key words] Coronary heart disease (CHD); Clopidogrel; Platelet resistance; Individualized treatment
冠心病是目前严重危害我国人民身体健康的重大心血管疾病之一[1,2]。经皮冠状动脉支架植入术的广泛普及显著减少了急性心肌梗死等严重冠心病的病死率。为预防支架植入后的支架内血栓形成,各国冠心病诊疗指南中均推荐支架植入术后长期口服双联抗血小板药物[3-5]。其中氯吡格雷是目前我国应用最广泛的支架植入术后抗血小板药物之一。但研究表明,30%~50%接受氯吡格雷治疗的患者中[6,7],存在着血小板抵抗(high on-treatment platelet reactivity,HTPR)。进一步研究表明,经氯吡格雷治疗后,存在HTPR的患者,其支架血栓事件比非HTPR者显著增高(2.2% vs 0.2%;odds ratio[OR]:9.4;95% confidence interval[CI]:3.1~28.4;P<0.0001)[8]。有鉴于此,美国SCAI/ACC/AHA指南推荐筛查冠心病患者中的HTPR患者,并推荐HTPR患者使用新型抗血小板药物,即个体化抗血小板治疗,以进一步减少该类患者介入治疗后的心血管事件。本文从HTPR的筛查方法、新型抗血小板药物的应用以及预后等方面对该问题进行综述。
1 HTPR的筛查
目前对于HTPR筛查方法主要包括:比浊法(light transmittance aggregatio,LTA)、血管扩张刺激磷蛋白磷酸化测定(vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein,VASP)、血栓弹力图(thromboelastography,TEG)、VerifyNow P2Y12 assay(Verify)、multipleelectrode aggregometry(MEA)。
LTA:LTA是目前公认的检测血小板活性的金标准。……
