夏建妹 柳杰 傅向红 王志华

[摘要] 子痫前期（preeclampsia， PE）是妊娠期特有的疾病，是指既往血压正常的育龄妇女妊娠20周后出现高血压和蛋白尿或终末器官受损等一系列临床症状的疾病，其发病率和病死率有逐年增高的趋势，也是全世界孕产妇和围产儿发病及死亡的主要原因之一。子痫前期疾病发病机制尚不明确，但目前公认的发病机制是在妊娠早期胚囊植入子宫内膜层时滋养细胞侵袭能力的异常和子宫螺旋小动脉重铸障碍导致胎盘浅着床，从而产生高血压、蛋白尿等一系列子痫前期疾病的临床症状。而研究证实Rho/ROCK信号传导通路通过调节滋养细胞和血管内皮细胞形态、极性的改变、细胞骨架的重建、细胞迁移、增殖、凋亡以及侵袭等方面起着重要的作用，因此推测子痫前期疾病的发生、发展的整个过程可能都有Rho/Rock信号传导通路的参与，并起着重要的作用。

[关键词] Rho；ROCK；信号通路；子痫前期

[中图分类号] R714.24+4 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1673-9701（2016）09-0151-04

[Abstract] Preeclampsia （preeclampsia， PE）， a pregnancy-specific disease， defines the disease accompanied with a series of clinical symptoms， such as hypertension and proteinuria or end-organ damage， in women with 20 weeks of gestation period who were previously normotensive. The incidence and mortality have increased year by year， and it is one of the world's leading causes of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. The pathogenesis of preeclampsia disease is not clear， but the currently accepted pathogenesis is that a series of clinical symptoms， such as hypertension and proteinuria， occur when the abnormal invasion of trophoblast cells and uterine spiral arteries recasting barrier lead to shallow placental implantation in the period of embryo implantation in endometrium layer of the early pregnancy. The study confirmed that Rho/ROCK signaling pathway played an important role by regulating morphology， polarity， cytoskeleton reconstruction， cell migration， proliferation， apoptosis and invasion of trophoblast cells and vascular endothelial cell， and therefore it is presumed that Rho/Rock signaling transduction pathways may involve in the whole process of the occurrence and development of preeclampsia disease， and may play an important role.

[Key words] Rho； ROCK； Signaling pathway； Preeclampsia

子痫前期疾病是妊娠期特有的疾病，可累及全身多个脏器系统，其发病率和病死率均较高，严重威胁着母婴健康，不仅是孕产妇发病及死亡的主要原因之一，也是导致围产儿并发症发病和死亡的主要原因。虽然国内外对此疾病有着广泛的研究，病因学说多种，涉及多领域，认为可能与胎盘缺血缺氧﹑免疫因素﹑血管内皮损伤以及遗传因素等有关[1-4]。但其发病机制至今悬而未决，依然是产科领域研究的热点，而目前公认的学说认为，子痫前期是在妊娠早期胚囊植入子宫内膜层时滋养细胞侵袭能力的异常和子宫螺旋小动脉重铸障碍导致胎盘浅着床，从而产生高血压、蛋白尿等一系列子痫前期疾病的临床症状。……