儒家文化在山东谚语中的反映及对民众文化心理的塑造
2016-04-07王艳芳
王艳芳
[摘 要]山东是儒家文化的发源地,儒家思想广泛而深入地渗透到了山东民众的观念、行为和习俗之中。谚语作为一种民俗现象,是人际交往中约定俗成的习惯性定势,是大众思想的主要载体。儒家文化和山东谚语互相渗透,一方面,儒家经典引用民间俗谚,佐证观点;另一方面,山东谚语中沉淀的儒家文化,对山东民众文化心理的塑造起到相当重要的作用,塑造了山东民众六亲和睦、道德完善、刚健有为和社会和谐的文化心理。
[关键词]儒家文化;山东谚语;刚健有为;和谐
[中图分类号]G03 [文献标识码]A [文章编号]1671-8372(2016)01-0105-05
On the reflection of Confucian culture in Shandong proverbs and its function
in shaping public culture psychology
WANG Yan-fang
(Editorial Office of Journal
Abstract:Shandong is the birthplace of Confucian culture so that Confucianism has extensively and deeply penetrated into the minds, behavior and customs of Shandong people. As a kind of folk customs, proverbs are the habitual set established in interpersonal communication, as the main carrier of the public thought. Confucian culture and Shandong proverbs are interpenetrated with each other. On the one hand, the Confucius and his students quote proverbs to support their point of view, and on the other hand, the Confucian culture in Shandong proverbs plays a very important role in shaping the psychology of Shandong public culture, such as six relations harmony, perfect morals, being energetic and promising, and social harmony.
Key words:Confucian culture; Shandong proverbs; being energetic and promising; harmony
儒家文化最早起源于东周春秋战国时期,是齐鲁文化的核心。在长期的历史发展和社会生活中,儒家思想广泛而深入地渗透到山东民众的观念、行为、习俗中[1],成为民俗民风产生和发展的基本遵循,成为塑造民众文化心理的准则。谚语作为民俗现象的一种,是山东民众的集体创作,在时间上具有传承性,在空间上具有传播性,是由人际交往中约定俗成的习惯性定势构成的行为文化,具有鲜明的民族、地域特征[2]。儒家文化和山东谚语两者互相渗透,一方面,儒家经典引用民间俗谚,佐证观点。如刘勰在《文心雕龙·书记》中写到:“《太誓》曰:古人有言‘牝鸡无晨。《大雅》云:人亦有言‘惟一用老。并上古遗谚,《诗》《书》可引者也……夫文辞鄙俚,莫过于谚;而圣贤《诗》《书》,采以为谈……”《大雅》《诗经》《尚书》等典籍中都曾引用了文辞鄙俚的谚语。孟子引用齐地谚语:“齐人有言曰:‘虽有智慧,不如乘势;
