[摘 要]针对钱学森晚年叩问，将陈寅恪与同时代学者进行学术比较，认为陈寅恪治学特点体现为学贯中西、坚持“求真”、重视史料、诗史互证、理解之同情、独立之精神与自由之思想。将陈寅恪与同时代学者进行命运比较，大师晚景尤为凄凉，最是文人不自由。假若历史可以假设，陈寅恪将成就另外一个陈寅恪（大师典型）。在转折年代的文化更新何其艰难，陈寅恪一生将学术作为生命象征和存在意义，这样也造成他个人史的悲剧与学术史的交织。

[关键词]陈寅恪；个人史；学术史；比较视野

[中图分类号]K825.1 [文献标识码]A [文章编号]1671-8372（2016）01-0099-06

Chen Yinques personal and academic histories： based on the analysis in comparative perspective

ZHANG Zu-qun

（College of Business Administration， Capital University of Economics and Business， Beijing 100070， China）

Abstract：In view of Qian Xuesens inquiry in his later life， this paper compares Chen Yinque with the contemporary scholars in their academics. The result shows that the study features of Chen Yinque are mainly like this： he has a thorough knowledge of both western and traditional Chinese culture， adheres to the truth， attaches importance to history materials and mutual interpretation between poetry and history， and he also has the sympathy based understanding， the spirit of independent and the idea of freedom. Then this paper compares Chen Yinque with the contemporary scholars in their fates. It shows that Chen Yinque had a particularly bleak old age. He didnt have freedom atmosphere to carry out his research. If history can be assumed， Chen Yinque will be a master. In a changing age， making cultural update is very difficult， but Chen Yinque had taken academics as the symbol of his life and the significance of his existence during his whole life， which also caused the tragedy of his personal and academic histories.

Key words：Chen Yinque； personal history； academic history； comparative perspective

民国时代大师们的人格魅力、大师们的文化杰作和大师们的命运转折，无不给我们后来人以无数的启示。针对著名学者钱学森晚年叩问：为什么我们现在培养不出大师？笔者对陈寅恪个人史与学术史的交织做了考察比较。首先将陈寅恪与同时代学者的学术进行比较，认为陈寅恪治学特点体现为坚持“求真”，重视史料，诗史互证，理解之同情，独立之精神与自由之思想。其次将陈寅恪与同时代学者的命运进行比较。最后对其个人史做了评述，指出假若历史可以假设，陈寅恪将成就另外一个陈寅恪。在转折年代的文化更新何其艰难，他一生将学术作为生命的象征和存在的意义，却也因此造成他个人史的悲剧与学术史的交织。以陈寅恪为代表的大师群，是中华民族崛起于世界之林的永远文化财富。

一、比较视野