换血方法治疗新生儿溶血病的临床疗效
2016-03-30赵鲁强
赵鲁强

【摘要】 目的 探讨换血方法治疗新生儿溶血病(HDN)的临床效果。方法 120例HDN患儿进行换血治疗, 分别检测患儿在换血前后的血清总胆红素、直接胆红素、间接胆红素及Na+、Cl-、Ca2+、K+的水平变化。结果 120例患儿换血后血清总胆红素、直接胆红素和间接胆红素水平与换血前比较均明显降低, 差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。120例患儿与换血前比较, 换血后Na+、Cl-、Ca2+水平均显著升高, K+显著下降, 差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 换血方法可以降低HDN患儿胆红素水平, 纠正电解质紊乱, 临床值得推广应用。
【关键词】 新生儿溶血病;换血;临床疗效
DOI:10.14163/j.cnki.11-5547/r.2016.08.016
Clinical effect by exchange transfusion in the treatment of hemolytic disease of the newborn ZHAO Lu-qiang. Department of Blood Transfusion, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550001, China
【Abstract】 Objective To investigate clinical effect by exchange transfusion in the treatment of hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN). Methods A total of 120 infants with HDN received exchange transfusion. Their changes of serum total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, indirect bilirubin, level changes of Na+, Cl-, Ca2+, and K+ were all detected before and after exchange transfusion. Results The differences of serum total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, and indirect bilirubin, which were abviously decreased, before and after exchange transfusion had statistical significance in 120 cases (P<0.05). Comparing with those before exchange transfusion, all the 120 cases had much higher Na+, Cl-, Ca2+ levels after exchange transfusion, and K+ level was obviously reduced after exchange transfusion, and the differences had statistical significance (P<0.05). Conclusion Exchange transfusion can decrease bilirubin level and correct electrolyte disturbance in HDN infants. This method is worth clinical promotion and application.
【Key words】 Hemolytic disease of the newborn; Exchange transfusion; Clinical effect
HDN指的是母婴血型不符导致的免疫性溶血病, 母婴血型系统ABO血型不合较为常见[1]。HDN会引起胎儿或新生儿红细胞破坏、寿命缩短, 表现为黄疸、贫血、水肿, 严重者可致流产或新生儿缺陷而死亡。换血方法是治疗HDN患儿一种行之有效的治疗方法, 不仅能纠正新生儿严重的免疫性溶血性贫血, 还能消除水肿, 防止胆红素脑病和黄疸后遗症的发生, 因此能够提高新生儿存活率[2]。为详细了解换血方法治疗HDN的效果, 现对本院采用换血方法治疗的HDN患儿的疗效分析报告如下。
1 资料与方法
1. 1 一般资料 选取2011年1月~2015年10月本院确诊的120例HDN患儿, 日龄1~6 d, 平均日龄3.28 d, 男67例, 女53例。所有患儿表现为高胆血红素血症, 并伴有不同程度的贫血、水肿, 肝、脾肿大等症状。换血指征:①血清总胆红素(主要为未结合胆红素)>342 μmol/L;②具有早期胆红素脑病症状。
1. 2 方法 ABO溶血选用的是O型洗涤红细胞和AB型血浆, Rh溶血选用Rh 血型同母, 血液随机采用新鲜红细胞悬液。换血量按照150~180 ml/kg计算, 在室温25℃环境下将患儿置于床上, 采取仰卧位, 监测24 h内呼吸、心率、血压、氧饱和度、体温等反应, 进行脐静脉插管换血, 换血时每抽100 ml血液给予患儿补充10%葡萄糖酸钙1~2 ml。……
