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后劳教时代刑罚权扩张之分析

2016-03-16张腾

广西政法管理干部学院学报 2016年1期

张 腾

(华东政法大学,上海200042)



后劳教时代刑罚权扩张之分析

张腾

(华东政法大学,上海200042)

[摘要]全国人大常委会于2013年12月28日通过废止劳教制度的决定,宣布劳教的终结。自此,我国进入所谓的“后劳教时代”。在后劳教时代,原受劳教规制的行为正走入一部分纳入治安管理处罚,一部分纳入刑法评价的分流道路,这涉及刑法规制的犯罪圈的扩大或者说刑罚权的扩张,那么此时刑罚权扩张的条件、正当性以及其边界为何,本文拟从前述角度予以探析。

[关键词]后劳教时代;刑罚权;刑罚权扩张

Analysis of expansion of power of penalty in the Era of Abolition of Reeducation-through-labor

ZHANG Teng
(East China University of Political Science and Law,ShangHai 200042)

[Abstract]The reeducation through labor system(RTL)was ended by the NPC Standing Committee announcing the abolition of it on the 28th December 2013.Since then,China has entered the so-called"post-era reeducation through labor."Correspondingly, most of the behavior which were originally regulated by RTL are now being divided into two different types of wrongful act.Some of them are covered by Security Administration Punishment Law,while some other behavior are being included in the evaluation of the Criminal law,which involves the expansion of Criminal Regulation of crime circles or expansion of power of punishment.So this article intends to explore alittle deeper into the right of penalty expansion,the condition of it and the legitimacy of its borders.

[Key words]post-erareeducation through labor;power of punishment;expansion of power of punishment

一、刑罚权内容及其扩张

人人生而平等,既然是平等的,那么为什么有些人可以扮演审判者的角色?为什么人可以处罚人?从本源上说,人的确没有资格裁判他人,但是,人如果不对人进行裁判,由于人天生的欲望及差异,人们要么在捍卫自己的权利,要么在侵蚀他人的权利,社会必然陷入无序。假如每天不停的担心各种来自他人的危险,那人类如何生存?所以,人类自古以来就心甘情愿地忍受、容许并肯定人对人进行裁判所产生的非正义。这种人对人进行裁判的制度,是一种“必要的恶”。正如贝卡利亚在《论犯罪与刑罚》一书中所写,人们牺牲一部分自由是为了平安无忧的享受剩下的那份自由。为了切身利益而牺牲的一份份自由,这一份份最少量自由的结晶形成刑罚权。国家实施这种“必要的恶”的方式即为发动刑罚权,换句话说,“刑罚权是国家基于统治权依法对实施犯罪行为的人实行刑罚惩罚的权力。……

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