李永航

（重庆市江北区人民检察院，重庆400025）



审查逮捕环节非法证据排除问题实证研究*

李永航

（重庆市江北区人民检察院，重庆400025）

［摘要］我国审查逮捕环节非法证据排除规则自确立以来，基本上能够有序运行，相当一部分非法证据被成功排除，对于维护程序正义和防范刑事错案起到了积极的作用。但是，该规则在实施中仍然存在一些问题，如部分检察人员的中立性有待加强、证明责任不明确、审查方式职权化、操作规则粗疏模糊、配套措施不完善等。对此，应当强化检察官的客观公正义务，明确证明责任，探索听证式审查方式，细化操作规则，建立健全配套措施。

［关键词］审查逮捕环节；非法证据排除；查证难

An Empirical Study on the Implementation of the Exclusionary Rules of Illegally Obtained Evidence at Arrest Reviewed Stage

LI Yong-hang
(People's Procuratorate of Jiangbei District，Chongqing 400025，China)

［Abstract］In the past two years,the exclusionary rules of illegally obtained evidence at arrest reviewed stage run orderly in china.Some illegal evidence has been excluded,which has played a positive role in maintaining procedural justice and guiding against misjudged criminal cases.But there are still exist some problems in the operation of the illegal evidence exclusion,such as some prosecutors can not remain neutral,the burden of proof is not definite,the administrative review way,the fuzzy operation rules, imperfect supporting measures.Therefore,we should strengthen the objective obligation of prosecutors,definite the burden of proof, explore the hearingreview way,detailed the operation rules,establish and improve the supportingmeasures.

［Key words］arrest reviewed stage;illegally obtained evidence exclusion;hard to verify

修订后的《刑事诉讼法》在总结经验的基础上，进一步规定和完善了非法证据排除规则，明确规定公安机关、人民检察院、人民法院不仅不得采取非法方式收集证据，而且都负有主动排除非法证据的义务。［1］相比英美等西方国家仅在审判环节启动非法证据排除程序，这是我国非法证据排除制度的一大特色。因受刑事考核制度等因素的影响，与其他诉讼环节相比，在审查逮捕环节排除非法证据的阻力最小，也最具有现实可能性。有学者甚至直言：检察机关排除非法证据应当在审查批捕阶段及时进行。［2］我国审查逮捕环节非法证据排除制定的确立和实施已有两年有余，其运行状况如何，又存在哪些问题，本文以重庆市J区人民检察院于2013年和2014年办理的审查逮捕案件为研究样本，试图对上述问题进行探究，以期能对我国非法证据排除制度的完善有所裨益。……