欧阳小娥，胡蓉



·综述·

氧化应激对卵母细胞发育及体外受精-胚胎移植结局的影响

欧阳小娥，胡蓉△

卵母细胞及胚胎发育的微环境中，由氧气参与新陈代谢所产生的一些活性氧物质如得不到及时清除，会诱导氧化应激的现象。有研究显示，氧化应激是影响卵母细胞质量和胚胎发育潜能的主要因素之一，大量的氧化应激可导致卵母细胞内线粒体形态和功能的改变，进而影响三磷酸腺苷（ATP）合成，干扰卵母细胞内减数分裂，使卵母细胞内非整倍体染色体数目增多，造成胚胎DNA损伤和早期发育停滞，最终导致不良妊娠结局。在体外培养时，经常通过添加外源性抗氧化剂或自由基清除剂，以及建立并维持卵母细胞及胚胎发育所需的低氧环境来拮抗氧化应激的不良作用。就氧化应激的产生、对卵母细胞和胚胎发育的影响及其机制，以及如何拮抗氧化应激的不良影响进行综述。

活性氧；氧化性应激；卵母细胞；受精，体外；胚胎移植；妊娠结局

【Abstract】Some of reactive oxygen species（ROS）were produced in themicroenvironment of oocyte and embryo when oxygen participates in the metabolism.If not eliminated in time，ROS can directly induce the oxidative stress.Studies have shown that the oxidative stress is one of the dominant factors related to the oocyte quality.The excess oxidative stressmay lead to changes in the morphology and function ofmitochondria in the oocyte，the synthesis of ATP and themeiotic process.After that，the increasing oocyte aneuploidy and the damage of embryonic DNA may lead to the stagnation of embryonic development and the poor outcome of pregnancy.In in vitro culture of oocyte and embryo，the adverse effects of oxidative stress can be well eliminated by adding exogenous antioxidants or free radical scavenger，and establishing and maintaining the hypoxic environment for the development of oocyte and embryo.This article reviewes the onset of oxidative stress，the effect on the development of oocytes and embryo and the mechanisms involved，and how to overcome the adverse affect of oxidative stress.

【Keywords】Reactive oxygen species；Oxidative stress；Oocytes；Fertilization in vitro；Embryo transfer；Pregnancyoutcome

（JIntReprod Health/Fam Plan，2016，35：299-302，312）

随着自由基理论的建立和发展，研究发现氧的某些代谢产物及其衍生物可以损伤机体，这些物质具有比氧更为活泼的化学性质，统称为活性氧（ROS）。ROS分为3种类型：超氧自由基（O2-）、羟基（OH-）和过氧化氢（H2O2）。正常卵及胚胎发育需要身体内外环境因素的共同调节，当发生调节失衡可导致卵母细胞及胚胎发育异常，从而影响妊娠结局。过去近20年中对卵母细胞及胚胎发育的研究，主要局限在卵泡内细胞因子的调节和卵泡池的老化等指标。……