线粒体DNA与早期胚胎发育的研究进展
2016-03-13曹亚男郝建秀张雯珂王莉姚元庆
曹亚男,郝建秀,张雯珂,王莉,姚元庆
线粒体DNA与早期胚胎发育的研究进展
曹亚男,郝建秀,张雯珂,王莉,姚元庆△
线粒体是胞质中独特的细胞器,为细胞各种代谢提供能量。线粒体具有自己独立的遗传物质——线粒体DNA(mtDNA),是细胞核基因组外的遗传物质。在早期胚胎发育过程中,线粒体会呈现不同的形态及分布,mtDNA的突变及拷贝数变化会对胚胎发育结局产生重要影响。最新研究表明,线粒体DNA突变增多则mtDNA拷贝数增加;囊胚期mtDNA拷贝数多,则胚胎移植成功率高;反之亦然。尽管进行了染色体形态学和遗传学检查,仍有卵母细胞不能成功受精并发育成完好的胚胎;即使胚胎完好,仍有部分胚胎移植失败。因此,从mtDNA角度探讨提高卵母细胞质量的方法对改善辅助生殖技术中移植成功率具有重要意义。
线粒体;DNA,线粒体;胚胎发育;卵母细胞;生殖技术,辅助
【Abstract】Mitochondria, as one of the most important organelles, provides energy for cellualar events.Mitochondria DNAs (mtDNAs) are a set of the genetic materials except for the nuclear genome. The shape anddistribution of mitochondria vary with the oocyte maturation and early embryo development. The mutations ofmtDNAs and the change of copy number were related to the outcomes of embryonic development. It was found thatthe growing mtDNA mutations caused the increased copy number of mtDNAs, and that the increased copy numberof mtDNAs in blastocyst brought the higher success rate of embryo transfer. It is known that a high proportion ofoocytes can not be successfully fertilized or developed to the high-quality embryos despite being chromosomallyand morphologically normal. Some embryos with morphological high-quality are fail to be implanted successfully.It is important to increase the efficiency of embryo transfer by improving the oocyte quality from the perspective ofmitochondria for the assisted reproductive technology (ART).
【Keywords】Mitochondria;DNA,Mitochondrial;Embryonic development;Oocytes;Reproductive techniques,assisted
(JInt Reprod Health/FamPlan,2016,35:313-316)
作者单位:100853北京,中国人民解放军总医院妇产科
通信作者:姚元庆,E-mail:yqyao@126.com
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审校者
线粒体是细胞质中含量最丰富的细胞器,为细胞各种代谢提供能量。线粒体有自己独立的遗传物质——线粒体DNA(mtDNA),其是除核基因外唯一的遗传物质。现综述mtDNA对早期胚胎发育的影响,并从线粒体角度介绍改善卵母细胞质量的方法。
1 线粒体与mtDNA
线粒体是细胞质中双层膜细胞器,内膜向内皱褶形成线粒体嵴,产生能量多的细胞,线粒体嵴的数目一般也较多。线粒体有许多功能,其中最主要的是以三磷酸腺苷(ATP)的形式提供能量。区别于体细胞的ATP主要由糖酵解和磷酸戊糖途径产生,线粒体ATP的产生是通过氧化磷酸化(OXPHOS)的过程[1-2]。……
