董永鹤，赵中辛，刘　菲



公众大型集会的应急备灾——上海外滩“12·31”踩踏事件的经验教训

董永鹤1，赵中辛2，刘菲1

作者单位： 200120上海，同济大学附属东方医院：1.消化内科，2.中华灾难医学分会

Emergency preparedness for mass gatherings: lessons of Dec 31 stampede on the Bund of Shanghai

DONG Yonghe1, ZHAO Zhongxin2, and LIU Fei1. 1. Department of Gastroenterology, 2. Chinese Society of Disaster Medicine, East Hospital Affilited to Tongji University,Shanghai 200120, China

Correspoding author: ZHAO Zhongxin, E-mail: zhongxinzhao1999@163.com

According to WHO, a gathering of persons was usually defined as more than a specified number of persons at a specific location for a specific purpose （a social function, large public event or sports competition） for a defined period of time[1]. A critical risk of these mass gatherings is stamped. Dec 31, 2014 Shanghai stampede was known mostly for its particular time period （New Year’s Eve）, the large amount of casualties, and the various rumors after it.

世界卫生组织通常将一个在特定的时间和地点，为了特定的目的（如社交活动，大型公众事件或者运动竞赛等），超过特定人数的集会定义为公众集会[1]。而大型公众集会的一个重要危险因素便为踩踏事故。“12·31”上海外滩踩踏事件为众人所熟知是由于其发生的敏感时间段（新年前夜），造成的伤亡人数以及不胫而走的谣言。

1　What happened? |事件经过

Starting from 20:00 31st of December, 2014, around 120 000 citizens and tourists made their way towards the Bund. By 23:00, the number reached 310 000. Around 23:35, a stampede happened at stairs between Chenyi Square and the observation deck, where the best viewing place for New Year’s Eve light show. The stampede caused 36 killed and 49 injured, most of whom were young students and tourists from places outside Shanghai.

从2014年12月31日 20:00起，约有12万游客及市民陆续到达外滩。直至23:00，人数达到了31万。大约23：35，在跨年激光表演的最佳观景平台和陈毅广场之间的楼梯处发生了踩踏事故。此次踩踏事件造成了36人死亡，49人受伤，大部分都是年轻学生和外地游客。

Prior to the stampede, people were coming from different directions and converged at the Chenyi Square. At the stairs to observation deck, crowds at the top of the stairs pushed downward amidst the congestion, and caused individual people to tumble, immediately leading to the stampede. Just right after the stampede, policemen at the scene and surrounding bystanders made an effort to rescue the people who had fallen. However, after multiple attempts, they didn’t succeed due to the density of people. The Shanghai Medical Emergency Center was informed at 23:41 and 19 ambulances arrived on the scene at 23:49. The victims were sent to the nearest hospitals and escorted to operation rooms through the Green Channels （channel to assist ease of access）.

事故发生前，人们从各个不同的方向聚集到陈毅广场。在通向观景台的阶梯处，上层的人们向下走，形成了压力，导致个别人摔倒，从而引起连锁反应，导致踩踏事故。事故发生后，现场的警察和周围的路人立刻尝试救助倒下的人。但由于人群密集，数次尝试未果。上海市医疗急救中心于23：41陆续接到报警电话，19辆救护车于23：49抵达现场。伤员被立刻送往最近的医院，并通过绿色通道被护送入手术室。

Generally speaking, the public was eager to obtain information about the process after big event. The media responded more quickly to news stories than the press conference of government, amd this brought time to breed all sorts of rumors. The one with largest impact being that the stampede was caused by a distribution of cash coupons.

通常情况下，重大事件发生后，公众急切想要知道事件经过，而媒体又比政府报道相对迅速，这便为孳生各种谣言提供了时间。……