滇东南半干热石漠化治理8个主要树种抗旱性研究

高洁1，2李兴彪1李乡旺1陆素娟1陈诗1

(1.西南林业大学林学院，云南 昆明 650224；2.西南大学，重庆 400700)

摘要：以半干热石漠化治理云南省建水县8个主要树种为对象，分别于雨季和旱季进行采样,用PV技术对各个树种水分状况参数进行测定，用多种理化方法对植物细胞内的丙二醛(MDA)、游离脯氨酸(Pro)、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(AsA-POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和超氧化物歧酶(SOD)活性、细胞膜透性、可溶性糖(SS)、游离氨基酸(AA)的含量等8个抗旱生理指标进行测定。应用主成分分析方法对各树种进行综合评价，结果表明，8个树种的抗旱能力为白枪杆>冬樱>清香木>新银合欢>墨西哥柏>湿地松>旱冬瓜>苦刺花，在滇东南半干热石漠化山地治理可选用白枪杆、冬樱及清香木造林。经过连续4年干旱的检验，与研究结果基本一致。

关键词：石漠化；半干旱南亚热带地区；抗旱性；综合评价

中图分类号：S728.4

文献标志码：A

文章编号：2095-1914(2015)02-0001-10

Abstract:Eight tree species of the Governance trees were collected during raining season and dry season for the study in Semi-arid Southern Subtropical Rocky Desertification Mountain area in Jianshui County, Southeast Yunnan. The moisture condition of the sample trees was determined by PV technology. The drought-resistant physiological indexes and the contents, including malondialdehyde(MDA), free proline (Pro), ascorbic acid peroxidase(AsA POD), catalase (CAT) and superoxide disambiguation enzyme (SOD) activity and cell membrane permeability, soluble sugar (SS), free amino acid (AA) in the plant cells of the 8 major tree species, were analyzed by physicochemical and principal component analysis methods. The calculation results of each principal component score and total score of each tree species with principal component analysis method showed that the drought resistance ability of 8 species：Fraxinus malacophylla>Cerasus cerasoides>Pistacia weinmannifolia>Leucaena leucocephala>Cupressus lusitanica>Pinus elliottii>Alnus nepalensis>Sophora viciifolia. It is suggested that Fraxinus malacophylla,Cerasus cerasoides and Pistacia weinmannifolia can be the best tree species for the forestation in southeastern Yunnan based on 4-year practice in the area.

Keywords:rocky desertification mountain;semi-arid southern subtropics;drought resistance;comprehensive evaluation

Doi[2]K, Morikawa Y，Hinckley T M .Seasonal grends of several water relation parameters in Cryptomeria japoneca seeding[J]. Can J For Res,1986,16:74-77. 10.11929/j.issn.2095-1914.2015.02.002

收稿日期：2014-09-03

基金项目：“十二五”农村领域国家科技计划课题 (2011BAD38B03-2)资助。

A Study on the Drought Resistance of Governance Trees in

Semi-Arid Southern Subtropical Rocky Desertification

Mountain of Southeast Yunnan

GAO Jie1，2, LI Xing-biao1, LI Xiang-wang1,LU Su-juan1,CHEN Shi1

(1.College of Forestry, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming Yunnan 650224, China；

2.Southwest University,Chongqing 400700,China)

西南的石漠化、西北的沙漠化、黄土高原的水土流失是我国目前面临的三大生态问题。云南石漠化面积34772.76km2，位居全国第2。云南129个县(市、区)中118个县有石漠化现象，其中65个县(市)石漠化分布面积占国土面积的30%以上。石漠化地区缺水缺土，水土流失严重，旱涝灾害十分频繁。石漠化一旦形成，就很难治愈，因为石灰岩石要变成1cm的土壤需要2000～8000a。滇东南半干热地区石漠化面积为30580.9hm2，石漠化的形成有300余a的历史，气候为半干旱暖热类型。降雨量少，蒸发量与降水量的比……