大兴安岭塔河林场天然落叶松林健康经营评价

袁野，刘兆刚*，董灵波

(东北林业大学 林学院，哈尔滨 150040)

摘要：以塔河林业局天然落叶松林为研究对象，为提高天然落叶松林的健康程度和森林的生态功能，结合当地实际经营情况因地制宜建立了基于基础指标和经营指标的森林健康经营评价体系，系统分为五大要素：系统活力、组织结构、系统稳定性、森林效能和林地环境，并筛选出影响该地区森林健康的14个主要因子：树高、胸径、冠幅、更新、林分密度、生物多样性、灌木盖度、草本盖度、枯梢程度、近自然度、郁闭度、蓄积量、土壤厚度和腐殖质厚度，采用AHP法确定各指标的权重。对随机抽取的未经营天然落叶松林进行综合评价，结果显示75%的样地处于亚健康状态，系统活力与稳定性是决定森林健康程度的关键。针对影响力较大的因子如林分密度、群落层次结构、年龄结构、枯落物和生物多样性等进行分析，提出五种经营调整技术。

关键词：大兴安岭；落叶松；健康经营；综合评价

中图分类号：S 757

文献标识码：A

文章编号：1001-005X(2015)02-0014-05

Abstract：Based on the natural larch forests in Tahe Forestry Bureau，in order to improve the ecological function of the natural larch forest health and forest ecological function，combined with the local actual situation of the management of forest health，a system that consist of basis indices and management indices were established.The system is divided into five elements：system function，structure，stability，efficacy of forest，and woodland environment.A total of 14 main factors were selected，including tree height，DBH，crown width，regeneration，stand density，biodiversity，shrub coverage，herb coverage，dieback degree，naturalness，canopy density，volume，soil thickness，and litter thickness.The weight of each index was determined by the AHP method.On a random sample of non operating natural larch forests，the comprehensive evaluation results showed that 75% of the samples were in the sub-healthy state，and activity and stability of the system were the keys to determining the degree of forest health.In view of the influence of the main factors such as stand density，community structure，age structure，litter and biodiversity analysis，five kinds of operation adjustment techniques were put forward.

Keywords：Greater Khingan range；larch；health management；comprehensive evaluation

收稿日期：2014-11-07

基金项目：“十二五”国家科技支撑计划项目(2012BAD22B0202；2011BAD37B02)

作者简介：第一袁野，硕士研究生。研究方向：森林资源的评价与监测。

通讯作者：*刘兆刚，博士，教授。研究方向：林业生长与收获模型等。E-mail：lzg19700602@163.com

Evaluation of Natural Larch Forest HealthManagement in Greater Khingan Range Tahe Forest Farm

Yuan Ye，Liu Zhaogang*，Dong Lingbo

(School of Forestry，Northeast Forestry University，Harbin 150040)

引文格式：袁野，刘兆刚，董灵波.大兴安岭塔河林场天然落叶松林健康经营评价[J].森林工程，2015，31(2)：14-19.

大兴安岭是我国唯一寒温带明亮针叶林区，具有生态环境脆弱、气候寒冷、林木生长迟缓、生长期短暂、生产力低和恢复难的特点。……