摘要[目的]比较高密度散叶装烟与常规挂杆装烟方式烘烤过程异同，分析找出高密度散叶装烟方式提质增效、减工降本的原因。[方法]依照现行《龙岩市密集烤房散叶烘烤技术标准（试行）》和“三长两短”烘烤工艺，结合当地气候环境、烟叶素质等进行试验。通过对采装烟、人工能耗、烘烤工艺等数据分析，比较散叶烘烤工艺与常规挂竿烘烤工艺。[结果]数据分析显示，散叶烘烤工艺体现了保湿烘烤的烘烤理论，高密度散叶装烟工艺烤后烟较挂竿烘烤效果好，具体表现为橘黄烟比例增大、色度油分增强、调制成熟度好，在用工耗时基本相同条件下散叶烘烤裝烟量大，节能降本效果较好。[结论]研究可为散叶烘烤技术的发展、推广提供理论支撑。

关键词装烟方式；工艺；耗能；品质

中图分类号S572文献标识码

A文章编号0517-6611（2015）05-235-03

Comparative Study of Different Tobacco Loading Ways in Longyan， Fujian

XI Hong-ang1， LI Sheng-dong2*， LU Xiao-chong2 et al （1. Nanyang Branch of Henan Tobacco Company， Nanyang， Henan 473000； 2. Tobacco School of Henan Agricultural University， Zhengzhou， Henan 450002）

Abstract [Objective] To compare similarities and differences of the high-density with conventional tobacco baking process， the reasons why high-denity way have more better quality and efficient， and why reduce labor and costs were analyzed. [Method] According to the current Loose Leaf Bulk Curing Barn Baking Technical of Longyan City Standards （Trial） and Three Long and Two Short Way baking process， combined with the local climate and environment， tobacco quality， experiments were conducted. Though the way of harvesting tobacco， artificial energy consumption， baking process and so on， loose leaf curing process and conventional tobacco baking process were compared. [Result] Loose leaf baking process reflects the theory of moisturizing baking， the baking process the quality of high-denity way is better than other， the details were orange somke proportion increased， chroma and oil increased， and have a good baking maturity； under the same conditions of employment consuming loose leaf bake loading large amount of tobacco， and have less energy. [Conclusion] The study can provide theoretical support for development and extension of leaf baking technology.

Key words Install smoke way； Process； Energy consumption； Quality

作者簡介习红昂（1970- ），男，河南南阳人，农艺师，从事烟叶生产技术指导、管理工作。*通讯作者，在读硕士，从事烟草调制烘烤方面研究。

收稿日期2014-12-29

我国是世界上烟叶生产第一大国，烟草常年种植面积余100万hm2，年产量多达200多万t[1]。烟草的种植收益1/3取决于品种，1/3取决于栽培，1/3取决于烘烤[2]。进入21世纪后，随着农村产业结构调整及烤烟种植规模化发展，烟叶烘烤工作得到行业内外重视，密集烤房建造及以挂竿为主的密集烘烤技术很快取代了20世纪家庭作坊式烤房及传统烘烤工艺。近年来，围绕国家局“提质增效、减功降本”的指导思想，贵州遵义、福建龙岩、四川、重庆、湖南等产区公司在挂竿密集烘烤的基础上积极探讨烟夹、散叶等装烟方式，收到了很大效果，部分产区公司制订了散叶烘烤技术标准，将散叶密集烘烤作为示范推广项目。……