崔振波 曹成有 耿莉

摘要 [目的] 为了探讨不同利用方式对草甸草地土壤质量的影响。[方法] 选择科尔沁沙地西部地区天然草地、林地、开垦4年的玉米地、开垦20年的玉米地和水稻田5利用方式为对象，研究了0～10 cm和10～30 cm土层中土壤酶活性。[结果] 不同土地利用方式、不同土层深度对土壤酶活性具有极显著影响。土壤脲酶、蛋白酶、磷酸单酯酶、硝酸还原酶、蔗糖酶、多酚氧化酶、脱氢酶的活性在草地和林地中活性较高且0～10 cm土层>10～30 cm土层；在4年和20年玉米地中土层间差异不显著；水田中的多酚氧化酶、脲酶、磷酸单酯酶、硝酸还原酶和蔗糖酶均表現出0～10 cm土层活性显著低于10～30 cm土层。[结论]总体来看，天然草地和林地中土壤酶活性维持较高水平，具有持续的生产能力，而垦荒（包括开发水田）后土壤质量下降，而且易引起土地沙化。

关键词 土地利用方式；土壤生物活性；土壤酶

中图分类号 S154 文献标识码 A 文章编号 0517-6611（2015）05-113-04

Effects of Different Land Use of Meadow Grassland on Soil Biological Activities of Horqin Region

CUI Zhenbo， CAO Chengyou， GENG Li

（Faculty of Science and Health，Northeastern University，Shenyang， Liaoning 110004）

Abstract [Objective] The research aimed to determine the effects of different land use of meadow grassland on the biological activities of meadow soil. [Method] The enzyme activities were analyzed with five typical land use in western Horqin Sandy Land. Soil samples at the depth of 0-10 and 10-30 cm from natural grassland， forestry field， 4year corn filed， 20year corn filed and paddy field were determined. [Result] Different land use and soil depths had significant influence on the enzyme activities. The activities of soil protease， urease， saccharase， phosphomonoesterase， polyphenoloxpdase， nitrate reductase and dehydrogenase of forest land and grassland were higher than those of other land use type， and the value in 0-10 cm was higher than that in 10-30 cm. However the difference between the two depth of 4year and 20year cornfields werent significant. The activities of phosphomonoesterase， saccharase， urease， polyphenol oxidase， and nitratereductase of paddy field were significantly lower in 0-10 cm layer than those in 10-30 cm layer. [Conclusion] On the whole， the soil enzyme activities were at high levels， therefore the continuable production ability was present in natural grassland and forestry field. Along with land reclamation， including paddy field， soil quality descended and was easily eroded to desertification. Therefore returning farmland to forests or grassland is one of the feasible ways of restoration of land productivity in this region.

Key words Land use type；Soil biological activity；Soil enzyme

作者简介 崔振波（1979- ），男，辽宁沈阳人，实验师，硕士，从事微生物生态学方面的研究。

收稿日期 20141229

土壤酶系统是土壤中生物活性最强的部分。它参与土壤的发生、发育及土壤肥力形成和演变的全过程。不同植物的根系在生长发育过程中的分泌物、死亡根茬的矿化分解及不同的土地利用、耕作和管理方式等都会影响土壤酶活性[1]。土壤酶一方面与土壤肥力有着极密切的关系，另一方面能反映土壤的生物学状态，在土壤生物学过程中有重要的意义[2]。由土壤微生物生命活动……