玉米自交系花粉氮、磷养分含量差异
2015-10-21江杰刘盼盼周毅王荣海等
江杰 刘盼盼 周毅 王荣海等

摘要 [目的]探讨玉米自交系的花粉养分含量作为组配良种的依据的可行性。[方法]在大田试验中,采集60份花期接近的玉米自交系的花粉,测定其氮和磷含量,通过频数分析明确其氮、磷含量的集中性和变异性的特征。[结果]花粉含氮量的变异系数(9.05%)明显低于含磷量(17.66%)。郑单958和凤糯2146的父本自交系的花粉的含氮量与含磷量均相对高于其母本自交系,但其中只有花粉含氮量间的差异达极显著水平(P<0.01)。[结论]花粉大量元素养分含量的变异主要来自于其含磷量;可利用花粉的氮、磷含量作为选育新品种的父、母本材料的指标。
关键词 玉米自交系;花粉;氮;磷;含量
中图分类号 S513;S311 文献标识码 A 文章编号 0517-6611(2015)05-054-02
Differences in Pollen Nitrogen and Phosphorus Content of Maize (Zea mays L.) Inbred lines
JIANG Jie1,2, LIU Panpan1,2, ZHOU Yi1,3* et al
(1. College of Urban Construction and Environment, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, Anhui 233100; 2. College of Resource and Environmental Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095; 3. Maize Breeding in Anhui Province Engineering Technology Research Institute, Fengyang, Anhui 233100)
Abstract [Objective] The aim of study was to discuss if difference in pollen nutrients content of maize (Zea mays L.) inbred lines can be used as quality breeding criteria. [Method] Pollen nitrogen content and phosphorus content of 60 maize inbred lines were investigated using chemical measurement and frequency distribution analyses. [Result] The result showed that coefficient of variation (CV) of nitrogen content (9.05%) was obviously lower than that of phosphorus content (17.66%). Both of nitrogen content (P<0.01) and phosphorus content of male parent inbred lines of hybrid cultivars Zhengdan 958 and Fengnuo 2146 were higher that of female parent inbred lines. [Conclusion] Diverse in pollen nutrient content of maize inbred lines was mainly due to the difference in the phosphorus content. Furthermore, we could conclude that great attention should be paid to pollen nitrogen content and phosphorus content in the selection of maize inbred lines.
Key words Maize inbred lines; Pollen; Nitrogen; Phosphorus; Content
基金項目 国家自然科学基金项目(31101598);安徽省优秀青年科技基金项目(10040606Y02)。
作者简介 江杰(1991- ),男,安徽六安人,硕士研究生,研究方向:逆境植物营养生理与调控。
*通讯作者,副教授,博士,从事植物光合与水分氮生理调控研究。
收稿日期 20141223
花粉是植物组织中含氮量最高的器官。据估计,雄性不育可使玉米节约10~30 kg/hm2的氮素[1],因此,包括散粉和授粉的过程可能也是养分传递的途径之一。研究表明,植物的花粉粒大小、形状、外壁的雕纹特征及数量和分布等具有明显的基因型特征,即使同一植物的不同品系间也存在差异,故而是鉴定植物种属的依据之一[2]。前人研究了花粉数量、花粉活力对种子产量的影响[3-4],提出了以花粉量预测作物产量的方法[5],然而依据花粉的数量性状特征进行新品种选育的相关研究却鲜见报道,笔者通过比较分析不同玉米自交系的花粉含氮量和含磷量的集中性与变异性特征,以及已育成的品种的花粉养分含量特性,以期为玉米的品种选育提供参考。……
