武文明 王世济 陈洪俭

摘要 [目的]了解不同播期和密度对玉米籽粒灌浆的影响。[方法]以郑单958为供试材料，研究沿淮行蓄洪区不同播期和密度对玉米籽粒灌浆特性的影响。[结果]早播（6月15日）较晚播（6月25日）籽粒灌浆持续时间增长，渐增期有所缩短；快增期和缓增期延长。沿淮行蓄洪区玉米籽粒灌浆持续期可达60 d左右。玉米籽粒灌浆速率随吐丝后天数增加呈先增加后降低的趋势，玉米高产适宜收获期为10月上旬。随着播期推迟，玉米籽粒最大潜力势降低，籽粒灌浆时间缩短，但籽粒灌浆渐增期持续时间较长。播期推迟，最大灌浆速率、平均灌浆速率均增大，但渐增期灌浆速率较小。不同播期间玉米籽粒粒重的差异主要是通过渐增期灌浆速度和灌浆期持续天数决定。不同种植密度对玉米籽粒粒重的影响主要是快增期和缓增期持续时间和该时期籽粒干重积累量所致。[结论]试验结果为提高玉米的产量和品质提供了理论依据。

关键词 玉米；播期；密度；产量；灌浆

中图分类号 S513 文献标识码

A 文章编号 0517-6611（2015）05-035-03

Effects of Planting Date and Density on Grain Filling Process of Summer Corn （Zea mays L.） in Yanhuai Flood Storage Area

WU Wenming， WANG Shiji， CHEN Hongjian （Tobacco Institute， Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences， Hefei， Anhui 230031）

Abstract [Objective] The aim was to understand effects of planting date and density on grain yield and filling process of summer corn in Yanhuai flood storage area. [Method] Effects of two different planting dates and four different planting densities on grain yield and filling process of summer corn in Yanhuai flood storage area were examined. [Result] The duration of grain filling period of early sowing （Jun 15） was longer than that of late sowing （Jun 25）； the duration of slightincrease period was shorten； and the duration of fastincrease period and slowincrease period were increased. The duration of grain filling period was about 60 days， and the best harvest date was about early October. With the postponement of planting date， the greatest potential of grain yield decreased， the active grainfilling period shorted， the slightincrease period， the maximum of filling rate and the mean filling rate increased. The single kernel weight was mainly caused by the rate of slightincrease period and the active grainfilling period between different planting dates. The difference of grain yields between different planting densities was affected by the duration of fastincrease period and slowincrease period. [Conclusion] The results provide theoretical basis for improving yield and quality of corn.

Key words Corn； Planting date； Planting density； Grain yield； Grain filling

基金項目 安徽省农业科学院院长青年创新基金项目（14B0944）。

作者简介 武文明（1983- ），女，安徽宿州人，助理研究员，博士，从事作物抗逆栽培研究。

收稿日期 20141226

玉米的产量和品质受遗传因素和环境条件的双重影响。在一定的生态环境中，播期与密度是影响作物生长最主要的2个栽培因素，合理的密度与适宜的播期是实现作物高产的必要条件。播期、密度不同，对玉米籽粒产量影响较大[1]。……