张淑霞等

摘要：采用裂区试验设计方法研究栽培方式和施肥处理对黄瓜产量、钾吸收及养分利用效率的影响。结果表明，嫁接黄瓜产量为90 631.53 kg/hm2，较自根黄瓜产量增加68.95%；嫁接栽培的钾吸收量极显著高于自根栽培，高出1.03倍，但钾利用效率极显著降低；施用钾肥可极显著提高黄瓜产量，黄瓜产量达81 903.88 kg/hm2，较不施钾肥提高31.31%。

关键词：黄瓜；嫁接栽培；施肥；产量；钾素利用

中图分类号：S642.206+.2文献标识号：A文章编号：1001-4942（2015）05-0075-03

Effects of Grafting Cultivation and Fertilization

on Yield and Potassium Absorption and Utilization of Cucumber

Zhang Shuxia， Song Yunyun， Liu Suqin， Jiang Zhixun， Cui Jian*

（Qingdao Academy of Agricultural Sciences， Qingdao 266100， China）

AbstractThe effects of cultivation methods and fertilization on cucumber yield and the characteristic of potassium absorption and utilization were studied by split plot experiment. The results showed that the cucumber yield reached 90 631.53 kg/hm2 after grafting， and was 68.95% higher than that of root cultivation. The potassium absorption of grafting cultivation was 1.03 times that of root cultivation， which reached the very significant level； but the use rate of potassium was significantly decreased. The cucumber yield was significantly increased by the application of potassium， reaching 81 903.88 kg/hm2， and increased by 31.31% compared to the treatment without potassium.

Key wordsCucumber； Grafting cultivation； Fertilization； Yield； Potassium utilization

黄瓜（Cucumis sativus L.）是目前设施栽培面积较大的蔬菜之一，其生长周期长、产量高、喜水喜肥，对矿质元素的吸收量大。生产中为提高产量，生产者往往加大化肥使用量，超出黄瓜正常需求量，使得设施土壤中盐分聚积、酸化程度高，理化性质变劣，根际微生物种群发生变化，导致连作障碍加重，枯萎病的发生日益严重。现有研究证明黄瓜采用嫁接技术不仅可以提高抗枯萎病的能力，还能起到增产和耐低温能力。同其它蔬菜作物一样，生产中受土壤肥力、品种及栽培茬次的影响，嫁接后黄瓜的根系发生改变，必然会引起对营养元素吸收及利用的差异。钾素是黄瓜吸收最多的一种元素，在施肥中其重要性仅次于氮肥，尤其是在缺钾的土壤中，钾的施用尤为重要。但目前研究多集中于嫁接后对黄瓜砧-穗亲合性、产量及品质的影响方面，对于嫁接后养分的吸收利用研究较少。因此本试验以自根及嫁接黄瓜为材料，研究其对钾的吸收利用特性，以期为生产上合理施肥提供依据。……