不同施肥组合对小麦光合性状及产量的影响
2015-10-21周晓琳等
周晓琳等



摘要:
研究了不同施肥组合对冬小麦光合性状及产量的影响。结果表明:各施肥处理冬小麦旗叶叶绿素含量、光合速率、叶面积系数比对照都显著提高,其中猪粪堆肥有机无机复混肥(T5)处理光合速率最高,平均比对照提高17.0%,其次是T2、T3,分别比对照提高14.0%、11.0%;与其它处理相比,T5处理各项指标提高最为显著;T5处理可以显著提高小麦的穗粒数,产量最高。
关键词:不同施肥组合;小麦;光合性状;产量
中图分类号:S512.062文献标识号:A文章编号:1001-4942(2015)05-0058-03
Effects of Different Fertilization Combinations
on Photosynthetic Characters and Yield of Wheat
Zhou Xiaolin1, Zhao Tongkai1, Li Hongjie1, Shen Delong2
(1.Dezhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Dezhou 253015, China; 2.Institute of Agricultural Resources
and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China)
AbstractThe effects of different fertilization combinations on wheat photosynthetic characters and yield were studied in this paper. The results indicated that all the fertilization treatments significantly increased the chlorophyll content, photosynthetic rate and leaf area index of flag leaf. The photosynthetic rate was the highest under the treatment of combined application of pig manure compost and N-P-K fertilizer(T5), which increased by 17.0% compared to the contrast; and then were the T2 and T3 treatments, which increased by 14.0% and 11.0% respectively. The T5 treatment increased all the tested indexes more significantly compared with the other treatments. T5 treatment could significantly increase the grain number per spike and obtain the highest yield.
Key wordsDifferent fertilization combinations; Wheat; Photosynthesis; Yield
施肥是调节作物生长发育的一项基本措施,不同的施肥种类及其组合影响植株体内的生理代谢,使光合作用发生相应的改变。研究表明,光合性能(绿叶面积、光合持续时间、光合速率和蒸腾速率)直接影响到小麦光合物质生产及最终生物产量和经济产量的形成,且高光合速率是小麦增产的重要光合形态和生理特点。前人已对小麦施肥进行了大量研究,但对猪粪牛粪堆肥有机无机复混肥的研究目前鲜见报道,基于此本试验从不同施肥组合入手研究其对小麦光合性状和产量的影响,以期找到使小麦群体获得最大同化能力、具有最佳群体结构的施肥组合措施,为科学施肥、提高小麦产量提供理论依据。
1材料与方法
1.1基础地力与试验设计
试验于2010年10月在德州市德城区哨马营村进行。德州市属暖温带半湿润季风气候,年平均气温12.9℃,年平均降水量547.5 mm。供试土壤为非石灰性潮土,pH值8.3,有机质含量为2.03%,全氮0.12%,全磷0.083%,全钾2.08%,有效磷(P2O5)37.4 mg/kg,速效钾282 mg/kg。……
