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神经外科住院患者心理健康状况与社会支持的调查及其相关性分析

2015-09-11魏忠梅段永暖王欣等

中国医药导报 2015年24期
关键词:住院患者心理健康

魏忠梅 段永暖 王欣等

[摘要] 目的 调查神经外科住院患者心理健康状况与社会支持,并对二者的相关性进行分析。 方法 选取2013年9月~2014年9月在河北医科大学第二医院神经外科进行治疗的50例住院患者作为观察组,并选取2012年6月~2013年6月在河北医科大学第二医院进行健康体检者50名作为对照组,采用症状自评量表(SCL-90)和社会支持评定量表对患者和健康体检者进行评估,对所得数据采用SPSS 15.0统计学软件进行处理。 结果 ①两组调查对象的SCL-90评分结果:除妄想、精神病性评分比较差异无统计学意义(t=0.53、0.71,均P > 0.05)外,其他各项目因子(躯体化、强迫、人际敏感、抑郁、焦虑、敌对、恐怖)比较,差异均有高度统计学意义(t=9.87、5.74、4.56、4.48、4.88、4.21、6.69,均P < 0.01)。②观察组社会支持各项因子主观支持、客观支持、支持利用度及总分与对照组比较,差异均有高度统计学意义(t=8.36、8.39、4.27、11.84,均P < 0.01)。③社会支持与SCL-90各症状因子及总均分的相关性分析结果显示,人际敏感、抑郁、焦虑、敌对、恐怖及总均分与社会支持各项目呈负相关(P < 0.05)。 结论 住院患者心理健康水低于健康体检者,与住院患者的社会支持程度较低有关。临床医护人员应加强对住院患者心理健康状况及社会支持的关注。

[关键词] 心理健康;社会支持;住院患者;症状自评量表

[中图分类号] R473 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1673-7210(2015)08(c)-0090-04

[Abstract] Objective To investigate the mental health condition and the degree of social support of hospitalized patients in Department of Neurosurgery, and to analyze the correlation between them. Methods From September 2013 to September 2014, 50 cases of patients treated in Department of Neurosurgery, the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University were selected as the observation group, and from June 2012 to June 2013 50 cases of healthy control with health examination in the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University were selected as the control group. The symptom checklist (SCL-90) and social support rating scale were used to evaluate for the patients and the healthy control. SPSS 15.0 statistical soft ware was used to analyze the data. Results ①The SCL-90 scores of the two groups: compared with the control group, delusions, psychoticism scores had no significant differences (t=0.53, 0.71, all P > 0.05); the differences in other factors of each project (somatization, compulsion, interpersonal sensitivity, depression, anxiety, hostility, terrorist) were statistically significant (t=9.87, 5.74, 4.56, 4.48, 4.88, 4.21, 6.69, P < 0.01). ②Of all the factors of social support: compared with control group, differences of subjective support, objective support, utilization of support and total score of observation group had statistically significant (t=8.36, 8.39, 4.27, 11.84, P < 0.01). ③The results of the correlation between social support and SCL-90 symptom factors and total scores showed that, interpersonal sensitivity, depression, anxiety, hostility, phobia and total score of social support were negatively correlated with social support items(P < 0.05). Conclusion The psychological health levels of hospitalized patients are lower than those of healthy people, and are associated with low levels of social support. Clinical staff should strengthen the attention of mental health status and social support of hospitalized patients.

[Key words] Mental health; Social support; Hospitalized patients; Symptom checklist scale

对人类来说,疾病是一种痛苦且可能是漫长的过程。疾病不但会损害人体健康,还会对患者产生一定的心理影响。人一旦患病后,将从熟悉的环境进入陌生的环境——医院,且还要承受着疾病所带来的痛苦及对身体的摧残,这些都会使患者产生种种不良心理反应。这些不良心理反应长期存在则可引起人体内分泌系统的失调,不仅使相应靶器官发生病变,还可加重原有的躯体疾病,影响患者对治疗的依从性及治疗效果,进而延长了患者的躯体疾病康复时间。研究发现,良好的情绪能增加患者对疾病的抵抗能力,并促进患者快速康复[1-3],而社会支持也是影响心理健康的重要因素之一[4-5]。社……

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