刘玮　曹燕滔　艾国

[摘要] 目的 观察天麻最细粉和普通粉对帕金森病（PD）大鼠脑内神经递质及血清中环磷酸腺苷（cAMP）/环磷酸鸟苷（cGMP）的调节作用，对比最细粉和普通粉的疗效差别。 方法 采用脑内定位注射6-羟基多巴胺（6-OHDA）建立PD大鼠模型。设立正常组、模型组、天麻普通粉组（1.8 g/kg）和天麻最细粉组（1.8 g/kg）。每天灌胃给药1次，连续给药3周后，应用水迷宫实验检测大鼠学习记忆能力；采用高效液相色谱-电化学检测法测定大鼠脑组织中神经递质——多巴胺（DA）、去甲肾上腺素（NE）和5-羟色胺（5-HT）的含量变化；酶联免疫法测定大鼠血清中cAMP和cGMP的含量及cAMP/cGMP的比值。 结果 经过天麻普通粉和天麻最细粉的治疗后，两组大鼠的逃避潜伏期明显缩短（P < 0.05），且天麻最细粉组对大鼠学习记忆能力的改善作用优于普通粉组（P < 0.05）；天麻治疗后大鼠脑组织的DA、NE、5-HT水平均显著高于模型组（P < 0.05），且天麻最细粉组的改善作用优于天麻普通粉组（P < 0.05）；天麻治疗后大鼠血清中的cAMP显著上升（P < 0.05），cGMP显著降低（P < 0.05），导致cAMP/cGMP的比值显著升高（P < 0.05），趋于正常，而且天麻最细粉组的疗效明显优于天麻普通粉组（P < 0.05）。 结论 经过天麻普通粉和天麻最细粉的治疗后，PD大鼠的学习记忆能力得到改善，提高了PD大鼠脑组织中降低了的DA、NE、5-HT水平，调节了血清中cAMP/cGMP平衡，且天麻最细粉的疗效优于普通粉，为天麻最细粉的临床使用提供了科学依据。

[关键词] 天麻；最细粉；普通粉；帕金森病大鼠

[中图分类号] R284.2 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1673-7210（2015）08（c）-0022-05

[Abstract] Objective To investigate the effects of superfine powder and common powder of Gastrodia elata on neurotransmitters and cyclic adenosine monophosphate （cAMP）/cyclic guanosine monophosphate （cGMP） regulating in rats with Parkinson's disease （PD）. Methods Model of PD rats were established with injection of 6-hydroxydopamine （6-OHDA） into the substantia nigra of right side brain. The mouse were divided into the normal group， model group， Gastrodia elata common powder group （1.8 g/kg）， and superfine powder group （1.8 g/kg）. After 3 weeks of admimistration， the learning and memory was determined by water maze test in all the groups. The levels of dopamine （DA）， noradrenaline （NE）， 5-hydroxytryptamine （5-HT） were assayed by high performance liquid chromatography-electrochemical detection technique. cAMP and cGMP were assayed by euzymelinked immunosorbent assay. Results After treatment with superfine and common powder of Gastrodia elata， the escape latency was significantly shorter than the PD model rats （P < 0.05）， the levels of DA， NE and 5-HT of rats were significantly higher than those in the PD model rats （P < 0.05）， and serum cAMP significantly improved， cGMP significantly reduced， cAMP/cGMP significantly improved （P < 0.05）. The impacts on pharmacological actions were more significant in superfine powder group than in common powder group （P < 0.05）. Conclusion Both the superfine and common powder of Gastrodia elata can improve the learning and memory ability， recover the levels of DA， NE， 5-HT and cAMP/cGMP in PD rats. Furthermore， the results indicate that the Gastrodia elata after superfine grinding can enhance the curative effect， which provides experimental references for the clinical study of superfine powder of Gastrodia elata.