橘皮中果胶提取工艺研究
2015-08-17严敏卫亚丽吴勇
严敏++卫亚丽++吴勇


摘要 以橘皮为原料,用草酸铵萃取高价铁盐沉析法提取果胶。先通过单因素试验探讨草酸铵浓度、提取温度、提取时间、料液比等单因素对橘皮中果胶提取效果的影响,再在该基础上进行L9(34)正交试验,确定橘皮中果胶提取的最佳提取工艺。结果表明:橘皮中果胶提取的最佳提取工艺为:草酸铵浓度0.7%,料液比1∶20,提取时间90 min,提取温度80℃,此条件下果胶的提取率为4.4%。
关键词 橘皮;果胶;提取;草酸铵
中图分类号 TQ432.7+1 文献标识码 A 文章编号 1007-5739(2015)12-0271-03
Extraction of Pectin from Citrus Peel
YAN Min WEI Ya-li * WU Yong
(College of Chemistry and Environmental Science,Guizhou Minzu University,Guiyang Guizhou 550025)
Abstract The effect of single factor on the extraction rate were investigated from citrus peel(Pyracantha fortuneana),such as ammonium oxalate concentration,extraction temperature,extraction time and ratio of material to liquid.Based on the experiment,the optimum extracting conditions were determined through orthogonal experiment L9(34).The results showed that the optimum extracting conditions of pectin substances from citrus peel were as follows:the ammonium oxalate concentration of 0.7%,the material ratio of 1∶20,time of 90 minutes,and temperature of 80 ℃,the extraction rate of pectin was 4.4% under the conditions.
Key words citrus peel;pectin substances;extraction;ammonium oxalate
果胶是一种植物胶,具有胶凝和乳化作用,在食品工业中作为胶凝剂和增稠剂已被广泛应用于糖果、果冻、罐头及各种饮料中[1-2]。近年来,国内外专家对果胶的药用功效的研究表明,果胶对高血压、便秘等慢性病有一定疗效,可降低血糖、血脂和胆固醇,并可帮助人体疏散近一半的放射性元素直接排出体外。同时,果胶制成药用胶囊有较好的增效性,制成的果胶铋是胃病的良药。低酯果胶还能有效排除人体内汞、砷、钡、铅等有害物质[3-4]。果胶的提取目前主要有超声波提取法[5-6]、酶提取法[7-8]、微波辅助提取[9]、酸提取法、离子交换树脂法[10]以及微生物法等[11]。目前,生产果胶一般采用乙醇沉淀法,该法乙醇耗用量大,且在浓缩阶段耗能太多,故产品成本高,因而发展和寻求工艺简单、效率高、成本低的果胶生产方法成为当务之急。
柑橘鲜食和加工下脚料的橘皮数量约占柑橘产量的20%,橘皮中除水分、纤维素、木质素外,还含有丰富的香精油、色素、果胶、橙皮甙等,是一种可以更新的生物资源,在中国大部分未得到利用而被废弃造成很大的浪费并且带来了环境污染问题。……
