急诊重症监护病房重症脑卒中相关性肺炎的危险因素分析
2015-08-14徐玢李建国于东明郭伟
徐玢 李建国 于东明 郭伟


[摘要] 目的 探讨急诊重症监护病房中急性脑卒中患者卒中相关性肺炎(SAP)的发生率、危险因素分析。 方法 回顾性分析2012年8月~2013年8月首都医科大学附属北京天坛医院急诊重症监护病房收治的172例急性脑卒中患者的临床资料,将其分为SAP组(n = 82)与非SAP组(n = 90)。采用Logistic回归分析SAP的危险因素。 结果 急诊重症监护病房中SAP发生率为47.7%,SAP组与非SAP组患者年龄、吸烟史、心脏病史、糖尿病史、有卒中病史、脑干及小脑卒中、GCS评分、呼吸机应用、鼻饲史、镇静药物应用、制酸剂及预防性抗生素使用比较,差异均有高度统计学意义(P < 0.01);Logistic回归分析显示,高龄、糖尿病、卒中后低GCS评分、呼吸机应用、鼻饲治疗、镇静药物应用、使用胃黏膜保护剂、预防性使用抗生素是SAP的危险因素(P < 0.05)。 结论 急诊重症监护病房中卒中患者的SAP发生与多种因素密切相关,为了降低卒中患者的病死率,需要采取综合措施对导致SAP的因素进行控制。
[关键词] 脑卒中;卒中相关性肺炎;危险因素
[中图分类号] R743.3 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1673-7210(2015)06(a)-0119-05
Analysis of risk factors of stroke-associated pneumonia in emergency intensive care unit
XU Bin LI Jianguo YU Dongming GUO Wei
Department of Emergency, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
[Abstract] Objective To explore the risk factors of stroke-associated pneumonia (SAP) in emergency intensive care unit (EICU). Methods The clinical data of 172 patients with stroke in EICU of Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University were retrospectively analyzed, and they were divided into SAP group (n = 82) and non-SAP group (n = 90). The risk factors of SAP were analyzed by Logistic regression. Results 47.7% were suffered SAP, the differences of age, smoking history, heart disease, diabetes mellitus, stroke history, location of stroke, Glasgow coma score, using of mechanical ventilation, tube feeding, using of sedative, antiacid, and antibitic prophylaxis between SAP group and non-SAP group were statistically significant (P < 0.01). Logistic analysis showed that, old, diabetes mellitus, stroke history, location of stroke, low Glasgow coma score, the using of mechanical ventilation, tube feeding, the using of sedative, antiacid, and antibitic prophylaxis were the risk factors of SAP (P < 0.05). Conclusion SAP is a severe complications of stroke. In order to reduce the mortality rate of stroke patients, comprehensive measures should be adopted to control stroke-related facts of lung infection.
[Key words] Stroke; Stroke-associated pneumonia; Risk factors
卒中相关性肺炎(stroke associated pneumonia,SAP)是卒中患者最常见的并发症,也是卒中死亡的重要原因之一,其发生率较高,为7%~22%。重症病房的脑卒中患者肺炎的发生率、病死率及难治性明显高于普通病房,其发生率高达21%~52.1%[1]。SAP导致医疗费用增加、住院天数延长、家庭护理费用增加。由于重症患者的急诊滞留现象越来越严重,各三级医院急诊重症监护病房(emergency intensive care unit,EICU)的卒中患者病情较神经重症病房患者病情更为严重,SAP的发生率也相对较高。本研究通过对首都医科大学附属北京天坛医院(以下简称“我院”)EICU收治的脑卒中患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析,探讨EICU中SAP的相关危险因素,以期对SAP进行有效地预防和控制。
1 资料与方法
1.1 纳入及排除标准
纳入标准:①符合1995年第四届全国脑血管会议制定的脑血管病诊断标准[2],均经头颅CT或MRI证实有急性卒中病变;……
