内蒙古大兴安岭林区不同采煤方式对植物多样性的影响
2015-07-13尚洁蓝登明赵一阳等
尚洁 蓝登明 赵一阳等
摘要
以内蒙古大兴安岭林区内不同开采方式的煤矿为研究对象,采用样方调查法,通过对植物的种类组成、生活型、群落相似性及群落物种多样性等指标的分析,得出以下结论:①露采与井采群落内的第一优势种重要值由大到小为露采天然植被存留区>露采对照区>井采对照区>井采天然植被存留区;②露天开采对一、二年生草本的影响较大,井工开采对多年生草本的影响较大;③群落相似性:井工开采>露天开采;④露采煤矿共有植物 7科14属19 种,井采煤矿共有植物10科23属29 种,均以菊科、禾本科为主,物种数减少比例:露天开采>井工开采,物种多样性指数变化:露天开采>井工开采。
关键词 大兴安岭林区;煤矿;开矿方式;植物多样性
中图分类号 S181.3 文献标识码 A 文章编号 0517-6611(2015)15-209-05
Effects of Different Mining Methods on Plant Diversity in Inner Mongolia Forest Area of Greater Khingan Range
SHANG Jie, LAN Dengming*, ZHAO Yiyang et al
(College of Ecology and Environmental Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010019)
Abstract Opencast coal mining and underground mining coal was taken as the research object in Inner Mongolia Daxinanling forest region, by sampling method, through the analysis of plant species composition, life form, community similarity and species diversity index, draw the following conclusions: ① Opencast mining and underground mining communities within the first dominant species important value from large to small: opencast mining of natural vegetation retention area>opencast mining of control area>underground mining of natural vegetation retention area>underground mining of control area; ② Influence of opencast mining on one or two annual herb is larger, influence of underground mining on perennial is larger; ③ The community similarity: underground mining >opencast mining; ④ Opencast mining has 7 families, 14 genera and 19 species of plants, underground mining has 10 families, 23 genera and 29 species of plants, are mainly Compositae, Gramineae, the species number reduction percentage opencast mining >underground mining,changes in species diversity index opencast mining >underground mining.
Key words Daxinanling forest region; Coal mine; Mining method; Plant diversity
煤炭作为我国重要的一次性能源,在我国能源结构中占有主导地位[1]。然而煤炭在开采过程中造成的损害是最普遍的、最长期的,同时也是最严重的[2]。目前,煤矿区生态环境问题已经成为矿区乃至区域可持续发展的重大制约因素[3]。
内蒙古大兴安岭林区是矿产资源开发比较晚的一个区域,2007年被国务院、国土资源部列为全国三大重点成矿带之一[4]。如果大规模地进行矿产资源开发,不仅会对土地资源造成威胁,而且带来一系列生态环境问题,如果对环境的破坏超过矿区环境容量的临界值,对生境的破坏是不可弥补的[5] 。
该研究在内蒙古大兴安岭林区选择有代表性的不同开采方式的煤矿……
