APP下载

农业人口特征与土地细碎化对农机社会化服务的影响

2015-07-13王许沁夏婷杨俊

安徽农业科学 2015年15期

王许沁 夏婷 杨俊

摘要 随着非农就业的发展,以青壮年男性为主的农村劳动力大量转移,劳动力的减少使农业劳动成本上升,同时农村人口老龄化和女性化的趋势也使农机社会化服务替代自服务的需要增加;而土地细碎化的现实条件并不利于大中型农业机械的使用,从而阻碍了农机社会化服务对劳动和自服务的替代。该研究基于在苏中地区的调研数据,分析农业人口特征和土地细碎化对农机社会化服务利用的影响。结果表明,农业劳动人口老龄化和兼业化的态势促进了农机社会化服务的利用,而土地细碎化抑制了农机社会化服务的利用。

关键词 农业人口变化;土地细碎化;社会化服务

中图分类号 S-9 文献标识码 A 文章编号 0517-6611(2015)15-291-03

Effect of Agricultural Population Characteristics and Land Fragmentation on the Use of Agricultural Social Service

WANG Xuqin, XIA Ting, YANG Jun

(Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095)

Abstract With the development of nonagricultural employment, a large amount of labor mainly consisted by the young and middleaged males has been transferred. The reduce of labor factor causes the raise of labor cost, and the aging and feminizing tendency of rural population leads to the increase of the need of agricultural social service replacing self service. However, land fragmentation is against with the use of machines, especially large and middle machines, which hinders the replacement of labor and self service by agricultural social service. Effects of agricultural population characteristics and land fragmentation on the use of agricultural social service were analyzed using survey data collected from middle areas in Jiangsu Province. It was concluded that the trend of aging labor population and concurrentbusiness promotes the use of agricultural social service, while land fragmentation inhibits the use of agricultural social service.

Key words The change of agricultural population; Land fragmentation; Social service

隨着农村人口变化及非农就业的发展,农业劳动力一方面大幅度减少,另一方面结构恶化。据统计,我国农业劳动力从2002年的3.6亿下降到2013年的2.4亿,10年间下降了1/3。我国已经进入老年型社会,农村的老龄化现象更为严重,而在非农就业的发展下,男性劳动力外出就业的概率远高于女性。据调查,2004年全国外出就业的男性劳动力占外出人数的65.4%,农村人口变化也伴随着女性化现象的出现。

农业劳动力的这种变化不仅诱发了机械替代劳动力,还诱发了农机社会化服务替代自服务的需要。在城市化和工业化进程中,农村中拥有充足体力、学习与适应能力强、有知识有技能的人群率先离开农业。农村中坚劳动力的流失导致农村留守人口主要为老人和女性,这种人口结构的变化带来了农村人群体力和技能的缺失。……

登录APP查看全文