祖路皮亚·载买尔　阿曼古力·海瓦尔　吾甫尔?米吉提

摘要 [目的]筛选出对重金属抗性较好的微藻品系，给相关研究提供基础试验数据。[方法]利用光学显微镜和透射电镜确定XLDB3、XLDB9、XLDB12 3株荒漠微藻品系的细胞形态。在实验室条件下测定生长曲线，同时，测定不同浓度重金属（Hg2+、Cd2+、Pb2+）和抗生素（氨苄青霉素、四环素、链霉素）对3株微藻品系生长的影响，并确定最佳抗性浓度。[结果]3株品系的细胞均为球形，XLDB3的细胞个体大，XLDB9和XLDB12的细胞壁很厚。3株品系的生长周期较长；它们对重金属和抗生素均有一定的抗性，其中XLDB12對Hg2+和XLDB3对Pb2+的抗性最强，分别达到0.05和0.8 mmol/L，3株品系对Cd2+的抗性均达到0.05 mmol/L，对氨苄青霉素有很好的抗性，均达到1 000 μg/ml，XLDB3对四环素和链霉素的抗性最强，分别为60与40 μg/ml。[结论]该研究可为微藻和重金属的相互作用研究及荒漠微藻的纯化技术提供参考依据。

关键词 荒漠微藻；重金属抗性；抗生素抗性

中图分类号 S181.3 文献标识码 A 文章编号 0517-6611（2015）15-205-04

Preliminary Analysis of Heavy Metal Resistance of the Three Desert Microalgae in Yuli County of Xinjiang

ZULPIYE Zemir， AMANGVL Hewer， GHOPUR Mijit*

（College of Life Science and Technology， Xinjiang University， Urumqi， Xinjiang 830046）

Abstract [Objective] To select the microalgae strains which have better resistance to heavy metals， provide test data for correlational studies. [Method] OM and TEM were used to observe the cell morphology of XLDB3，XLDB9，XLDB12. The growth curve of three different microalgae under the laboratory conditions were measured. Different concentrations of heavy metals （Hg2+， Cd2+， Pb2+） added based on the growth condition. Antibiotics （Ampicillin， Tetracycline and Streptomycin） were employed to measure its tolerant ability in that adversity， and also the best resistance concentrations were determined. [Result] Three microalgae （XLDB3， XLDB9， XLDB12） cells were spherical， and XLDB3 cell was big ， XLDB9 and XLDB12 cell walls were very thick. Three strains of microalgae growth cycle were long. They have a certain amount of resistance to heavy metals and antibiotics； XLDB12 and XLDB3 have strongest resistance to have metal mercury and lead were found in this test respectively （0.05 mmol/L for Hg2+ ，0.8 mmol/L for Pb2+ ）. Three strains of microalgae have a same resistance to have metal cadmium was found （0.05 mmol/L for Cd2+）. Expressed remarkable adaptation potential to antibiotic， with the resistant rate of ampicillin up to 1 000 μg/ml， and XLDB3 have strongest resistance to Tetracycline and Streptomycin up to 60 and 40 μg/ml respectively . [Conclusion] The study can provide reference basis for interaction of microalgae and heavy metal， as well as purification technology of desert microalgae.

Key words Desert microalgae； Heavy metal resistance； Antibiotic resistance

藻类是环境中进化并完全适应于生存环境的，含有叶绿素和完成含氧的光合作用的大量并多种多样的有机体。荒漠藻类是土壤藻（Soil Algae）的一个群体，主要是指生长在荒漠化地区上的微藻体[1]。藻类细胞壁分内外两层，外层为由纤维素、果胶质、藻酸铵岩藻多糖和聚半乳糖硫酸酯等多层微纤丝组成的多孔结构，内层主要成分是纤维素。细胞壁上带有一定电荷和粘性，增加了对重金属离子的吸附能力。

目前，水污染已成为非常重要的环境问题。随着经济的迅猛发展和工业生产的加快，重金属在化工、有色冶炼、电镀、印染和农业等方面广泛应用[2]，重金属的污染也逐渐严重。……