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利用牡蛎壳体作为近海重金属污染标记物的研究

2015-07-13赖增隆方展强

安徽农业科学 2015年15期

赖增隆 方展强

摘要 为了探讨贝类壳体作为海洋重金属污染标记物的可行性,于2011年3月,分别从饶平汫洲、深圳湾、珠海高栏港、阳江闸波、湛江官渡等广东沿海域采集了近江牡蛎和长牡蛎样品。使用原子吸收分光光度计对牡蛎壳体各生长层中Ca、Co、Cd、Cu、Zn、Pb、Cr、Ni、Fe和Mn等元素的含量进行测定。结果显示,各元素在不同采样点牡蛎壳体各生长层中的含量排列顺序大体一致,壳体中必需元素Ca>Fe、Mn>Cu>Zn,排在前5位,是壳体的主要构成成分,其中Ca+Fe+Mn含量约占总量的36%~40%,Cu和Zn含量也较高,保持稳定;非必需元素Ni>Cr>Pb>Co>Cd,其中有毒重金属元素Cd、Cr和Pb含量低、变动范围大,Cd含量最低。结果表明,双壳类壳体可以作为监测海洋环境中Cr、Cd等重金属元素的生物标记物。

关键词 牡蛎;壳体;重金属;含量;广东沿海海域

中图分类号 S931.3;X145 文献标识码

A 文章编号 0517-6611(2015)15-196-03

Research on the Use of Oyster Shell as a Marker of Heavy Metal Pollution in Coastal Waters

LAI Zenglong,FANG Zhanqiang* (Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Science in Guangdong Higher Education,College of Life Science,South China Normal University,Guangzhou,Guangdong 510631)

Abstract The content and distribution of heavy metals in different growth layers of bivalve shells were investigated in order to explore if the mollusk shells can serve as markers of heavy metal pollution of the sea and can reflect changes in the environment year quarter.During March 2011,oyster samples (Crassostrea rivularis and C.gigas) were collected from Raoping,Shenzhen Bay,Zhuhai,Yangjiang and Zhanjiang along Guangdong coastal waters,respectively.Calcium (Ca),cobalt (Co),cadmium (Cd),copper (Cu),zinc (Zn),lead (Pb),chromium (Cr),nickel (Ni),iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn) in growth layers of oyster shell were determined by using atomic absorption spectrophotometer.The results showed that arrange content order of various elements in growth layers of oyster shell from different sampling point was generally consistent.The top five essential elements of Ca>Fe and Mn>Cu>Zn were the main components of the shell,of which Ca+Fe+Mn was approximately 36%40% of the total,and the Cu and Zn content was higher,the number remained stable.But the content order of nonnecessary element was Ni﹥Cr﹥Pb﹥Co﹥Cd,and toxic heavy metals of Cd,Cr and Pb contents was low,the large range of changes,Cd content was always arranged countdown first.Research results indicated that bivalves in particular oyster shells can be served as an ideal biological marker for monitoring of Cr,Cd and Pb and other heavy metals in the marine environment.

Key words Oyster; Shell; Heavy metals; Content; Guangdong coastal waters

國内学者对我国不同海域贝类体内重金属含量的研究已有许多报道[1-5],都是研究与评价贝类的软体组织部分,但对贝类壳体的重金属含量测定及分析报道甚少。李玉成在中国海洋湖沼学会、中国动物学会贝类学分会第十二次学术讨论会上首次提出以贝类壳体作为重金属污染环境标记物的建议;宋德宏等[6]首次报道近岸海域贝壳与海水重金属含量的相关性研究成果,提出以贝类壳体作为载体追溯水环境污染历史的可能性。贝类壳体的主体结构由平行或交错排列的角柱状方解石组成,多呈片状或条状形态,内部孔隙较大,孔的连通性较好,流体很容易沿着条形的通道扩散到片层结构的表面,从而为金属元素容易渗透到薄层内部的理论解释提供了一定的依据[7]。国外在此方面的研究走……

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