小飞蓬不同部位对野燕麦和多花黑麦草的化感作用高
2015-07-13兴祥李美房锋
兴祥 李美 房锋
摘要 [目的]明确小飞蓬的化感效应。[方法]在室内用培养皿法研究小飞蓬不同部位根、茎、叶、花及全株水提液对小麦田杂草野燕麦和多花黑麦草种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响。[结果]小飞蓬花、叶和茎水浸提液对2种受体杂草种子的萌发和幼苗生长均有较强的抑制作用,但根部位对受体的影响小,100 g/L浓度下,小飞蓬叶、茎和花水提液对受体的种子萌发抑制率均在84.21%以上,对受体根长和茎长的抑制率也高于80%,小飞蓬根对受体种子萌发抑制率则为15.79%~38.46%,对受体根长和茎长的抑制率为37.46%~5675%。[结论]试验结果说明小飞蓬化感作用的特定部位是叶、茎和花。
关键词 小飞蓬;化感作用;不同部位
中图分类号 S451 文献标识码 A 文章编号 0517-6611(2015)15-114-03
Allelopathic Effects of Conyza canadensis Different Parts on A. fatua and L. multiflorum
GAO Xingxiang1,2, LI Mei1,2, FANG Feng1,2
(1. Institute of Plant Protection, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250100; 2. Shandong Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Jinan, Shandong 250100)
Abstract [Objective] To study allelopathic effects of C. Canadensis. [Method] Using culture dish method, the allelopathic effects of aqueous extract from different parts of C.canadensis on A. fatua and L. multiflorum were tested. [Result] The results showed that the root, stem, leaf and flower all had negative effect on the seed germination and seedling growth of the two tested weeds. Leaf, stem and flower aqueous extract got higher inhibiting on the seed germination and seedling growth of all tested weeds than the extract of root. At 100 g/L concentration, the inhibition rate of C.canadensis flower, leaf and stem on the germination were all above 84.21%, and above 80% on root, stem length, but the inhibition rate of C.canadensis root were 15.79%-38.46% on the germination and 37.46%-56.75% on the root, stem length. [Conclusion] The leaf, stem and flower were the main parts in allelopathic effects.
Key words C. canadensis; Allelopathic effects; Different parts
小飛蓬[Conyza canadensis(L.)Cronq]是一种区域性恶性杂草,属菊科(Compositae)白酒草属(Conyza),又称一枝蒿、加拿大蓬、小白酒草、小蓬草,为1年生草本植物[1]。该杂草原产北美洲,1860年在山东烟台被发现。资料报道小飞蓬全草入药具有消炎止血、利尿的功效,可用于治疗伤口、关节炎引起的肿胀和疼痛,也可治疗腹泻、痢疾、癌症、支气管炎和膀胱炎等[2-5]。
植物的许多次生代谢物能有效抵御病原菌的侵染,这些次生代谢物的化学活性成分大多是植物的化感物质。Rice认为化感物质有可能取代化学农药,至少可以使其使用量大大减少[6]。近几年许多学者陆续发现小飞蓬能够通过体内含有的化感物质抑制其他种子萌发和植株生长来排挤周围植物,从而形成单种优势群落。例……
