刘世超　黄国联　李斌等

摘要 [目的]建立烟草常用杀菌剂药害的诊断体系。[方法]研究烟草生产上主要使用的12种杀菌剂在烟草上造成药害的最高使用剂量，并以图片的形式记录超出每种农药最高使用剂量引起的药害症状，编制烟草农药药害识别诊断图谱。[结果]40%菌核净可湿性粉剂、58%甲霜·锰锌可湿性粉剂在正常用量2倍时出现药害症状，20%吗胍·乙酸铜可湿性粉剂、12.5%腈菌唑微乳剂、20%盐酸·吗啉胍可湿性粉剂、45%王铜·菌核净可湿性粉剂、25%阿维·丁硫水乳剂5种药剂在正常用量4倍时出现药害症状，80%代森锌可湿性粉剂、50%异菌脲可湿性粉剂2种药剂在正常用量6倍时出现药害症状，而68%丙森·甲霜灵可湿性粉剂和15%三唑酮可湿性粉剂在正常用量8倍时才出现药害症状，36%甲基硫菌灵悬浮剂在正常用量8倍时不出现药害症状或正常不明显。喷施清水后的治疗效果也存在差异。[结论]试验结果为烟草药害治理技术体系的建立提供了理论依据。

关键词 烟草；杀菌剂；药害症状；苗期

中图分类号 S572 文献标识码 A 文章编号 0517-6611（2015）15-111-03

Phytotoxicity on Tobacco at Seedling Stage Caused by Twelve Tobacco Bactericides

LIU Shichao1， HUANG Guolian2， LI Bin3， CHEN Dexin4*， SUN Xianchao1* et al

（1. College of Plant Protection， Southwest University， Chongqing 400716；2. Chenzhou Tobacco Company， Hunan Provincial Tobacco Monopoly Administration， Chenzhou， Hunan 423000； 3. Sichuan Province Tobacco Monopoly Administration of China Tobacco Company， Chengdu， Sichuan 610000； 4. Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences， Qingdao， Shandong 266101）

Abstract [Objective] The aim was to establish phytotoxicity diagnosis system for tobacco common bactericides. [Method] The highest doses of twelve kinds of tobacco bactericides were studied； the phytotoxicity symptoms caused by bactericides over the highest dose were recorded by photo， and phytotoxicity diagnosis map system of the twelve bactericides was established. [Result] The phytotoxicity was caused by 40% Dimetachlone WP and 58% Metalaxyl mancozeb WP at two times of normal amount， by 20% of Do guanidine and Copper acetate WP， 12.5% Myclobutanil ME， 20% Moroxydine hydrochloride WP， 40% Copper oxychloride dimethachlon WP and 25% Abmectin·carbosulfan ME at four times of normal amount， by 80% Zineb WP and 50% Iprodine WP at six times of normal amount， by 68% Propineb metalaxyl WP and 25% Triadimefon WP at eight times of normal amount， but the 36% Thiophanatemethyl SC at a concentration of eight times of the normal amount could not cause symptoms. Cure level by the clean water on the phytotoxicity tobacco showed diversity. [Conclusion] The results provide theoretical basis for the establishment of phytotoxicity prevention and control technology system for tobacco.

Key words Tobacco； Bactericides； Phytotoxicity； Seedling stage

中国是目前世界上最大的烟草生产国，烟草是我国重要的经济作物，烟草税收占到我国财政收入的10%[1]。近几年随着烟草品种的不断增加以及栽培制度的变化，病虫害危害不断加重。在防治烟草病虫害方面，施用農药仍然是重要的方法，但施药不当或对药剂的特性不明，就会使烟草产生药害，轻则生长受阻，重则局部甚至全株坏死，有的药害是系统性的，一旦发生，就不能恢复。……