罗广惠　马富亮　符素华等

摘要

[目的]研究东北黑土区坡面涝渍地季节性渍水对土壤养分的影响。[方法]选取不同坡面上5组涝渍地和与涝渍地相邻的坡耕地为研究对象，对它们的化学性质进行测定，采用ttest评判涝渍土壤与耕作土壤养分含量差异，并且用Pearson相关性分析说明土壤含水量对土壤养分的影响。[结果]与耕作土壤相比，涝渍土壤全氮含量高出约19%，铵态氮含量高3.6倍，而硝态氮含量低约51%；涝渍土壤与耕作土壤相比全磷含量差异不显著，而有效磷含量低约26%；涝渍土壤与耕作土壤全钾及速效钾含量差异不明显，缓效钾含量低约11%。通過相关分析，发现土壤含水量与有机质、全氮、铵态氮、速效钾含量显著正相关，与pH、硝态氮含量、缓效钾含量显著负相关，与全磷、有效磷、全钾含量相关性不显著。[结论]涝渍土壤养分潜力、有效性都较高，土壤养分的形态、含量受涝渍的影响较大。改善坡面涝渍的水分状况将有利于土壤养分的进一步释放，达到涝渍土壤改良的效果。

关键词 涝渍土壤；耕作土壤；土壤含水量；土壤养分；东北黑土区

中图分类号 S151.9+5 文献标识码 A 文章编号 0517-6611（2015）15-095-04

Effects of Waterlogging on Soil Nutrient on the Gentle Slope Zone in the Black Soil Region of Northeast China

LUO Guanghui， MA Fuliang， FU Suhua et al

（State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology， School of Geography， Beijing Normal University， Beijing 100875）

Abstract [Objective] The study aims to study the effects of waterlogging on soil nutrient on the gentle slope zone in the black soil region of Northeast China. [Method] Soil water and chemical properties of the waterlogged soil and adjacent normal cultivated soil were measured and analyzed. [Result] Comparing to cultivated soil， the contents of total nitrogen and ammonia nitrogen of waterlogged soil were 19% and 360% higher respectively， while， nitrate nitrogen content was 51% lower. Total phosphorus content had no obvious difference in and out waterlogged land， but waterlogged soil had 26% less available phosphorus. Total potassium and rapidly available potassium contents of waterlogged soil had no obvious difference with cultivated soil.While in the waterlogged land， slowly available potassium contents was 11% lower. Correlation analysis showed that soil water content had significantly positive correlations with contents of 0， total nitrogen and ammonia nitrogen， rapidly available potassium. And it had negative correlations with pH， contents of nitrate nitrogen. [Conclusion] Overall， the potential of waterlogged soil nutrients was higher. And waterlogging had obvious effects on soil nutrient.

Key words Waterlogged soil； Cultivated soil； Soil water content； Soil nutrient； Black soil region of northeast China

涝渍地是易涝易渍耕地的简称，通常指常年、经常性或季节性滞水的农业用地[1]。涝渍会引起土壤氧气不足，严重影响作物生长[2]。涝渍现象普遍存在于东北黑土区，主要分布在松嫩-三江平原和广大丘陵漫岗地，严重威胁垦区的农业生产，造成粮食丰产不丰收、单产不高、总产不稳的现象。……