沙志清　邵世光　许云华等

摘要 [目的]了解蜈蚣蘭营养器官的结构特点。[方法]利用石蜡切片技术对蜈蚣兰的气生根、茎和叶进行切片观察。[结果]蜈蚣兰气生根的根被2～3层，细胞壁条状次生加厚；外皮层细胞1层，内皮层细胞壁六面加厚，均具通道细胞；初生木质部多元，后生木质部占据维管柱的中心。茎表皮的外切向壁具角质加厚，维管束在茎的中部总体排为2轮。叶的表皮细胞一层，外切向壁具显著的角质加厚，气孔的一对保卫细胞内陷，外侧1对副卫细胞的角质层与周边表皮细胞的角质层相连，并呈烟囱状凸起，中央留有一椭圆形开口；叶肉无海绵组织与栅栏组织之分。[结论]这些结构保证了蜈蚣兰能够充分吸收空气中的水分，并减少体内水分的散失，以适应附生生活。

关键词 蜈蚣兰；营养器官；结构；解剖特征；附生植物

中图分类号 S567 文献标识码

A 文章编号 0517-6611（2015）15-056-03

Study on the Structure of the Vegetative Organs of Cleisostoma scolopendrifolium

SHA Zhiqing，SHAO Shiguang*，XU Yunhua et al

（Jiangsu Normal University， Lianyungang Campus， Lianyungang，Jiangsu 222006）

Abstract [Objective] The research aimed to understand the structural characteristics of the vegetative organs of Cleisostoma scolopendrifolium. [Method]The aerial roots，stems and leaves of Cleisostoma scolopendrifolium were sliced observation by using paraffin section technique.[Result]The Velamen of Cleisostoma scolopendrifolium had 2-3 layers， secondary cell wall became thickening.Layer of skin cells was one layer， cortical cell wall was six layers and became thickening，each of them had channel cell. A coat of epidermal cells with thickened outer tangential walls.More than one epidermal cells were adductive to form a bowlshaped nest in which massive fuzz in the form of silk stretches out.There were many endogenous fungi in the epidermal cells， and six sides of the endodermis cell walls thicken；the primary xylem was multivariate，and the deutoxylem was in the middle of the vascular cylinder，and the primary phloem was between two parts of primary xylem.The outer tangential walls of the epidermis of stem had thickened keratin. The vascular cylinder was generally in 2 rounds in the middle of the stem， and some small vascular bundles were within the inner round. Leaves had a coat of epidermal cells with keratin of the outer tangential walls thickening obviously. A pair of stoma guard cells were invaginated. The keratin of a pair of outside secondary guard cells was connected to the keratin of peripheral epidermal cells， and bulge liked a chimney with a oval apertura centrally.There was no difference between spongy tissue and palisade tissue about mesophyll.[Conclusion]These structures ensures that Cleisostoma scolopendrifolium can acquire enough water from the air and reduce the loss of body water at the same time，therefore Cleisostoma scolopendrifolium can adapt to the epiphytic life.

Key words Cleisostoma scolopendrifolium；Vegetative organ；Structure；Anatomical characteristics；Epiphytes

蜈蚣兰[C.scolopendrifolium （Makino） Garay.]，兰科（Orchidaceae）隔距兰属（Cleisostama）匍茎组的唯一成员，属《国家重点保护野生植物名录》中的Ⅱ级保护植物。 蜈蚣兰全草可入药，性凉、味微苦，入肾、肺、膀胱三经，有清热解毒、润肺止咳、止血、利水通淋之功效，主要用于治疗肾盂肾炎、气管炎、胆囊炎、慢性副鼻窦炎、咽喉炎、咯血、急性扁桃体炎和小儿惊风等[1-2]。蜈蚣兰一般附生于山涧及其两侧的岩石上，自然种群较小，且多在低海拔地区生长，易受人类活动的影响。当前，国内外对蜈蚣兰的研究仅停留在外部形态、生态分布的描述和组织培养方面[3-5]，对其结构植物学的研究尚未见报道。……