烤烟二段式漂浮育苗炼苗方式研究
2015-07-13方腾
方腾
摘要
[目的]解决烤烟二段式漂浮育苗移栽成活率低、移栽成本高等难题,实现种烟“减工降本、提质增效”目的。[方法]采用对比调查分析法,比较常规揭膜法炼苗与断水揭膜法炼苗的炼苗成本、烟苗根系生长情况、移栽成活率及移栽成本。[结果]采用断水揭膜方法炼苗能促进烟苗根系生长,增强烟苗移栽抗旱能力,提高烟苗移栽成活率,减少移栽成本。[结论]断水揭膜法炼苗适合推广应用。
关键词 烤烟;二段式漂浮育苗;炼苗;成活率;成本
中图分类号 S572 文献标识码 A 文章编号 0517-6611(2015)15-047-02
Study on Fluecured Tobacco Two Section Type Floating System
FANG Teng
(Liupanshui Branch of Guizhou Tobacco Company, Liupanshui, Guizhou 553000)
Abstract [Objective] To solve the issue of low survival rate and high cost of fluecured tobacco two section type floating system transplanting. [Method] Using contrast investigation method, seeding cost, tobacco roots growth situation, transplanting survival rate and cost of conventional film uncovering method and waterbreak film uncovering seeding method were compared. [Result] Using waterbreak film uncovering seeding method can promote tobacco roots growth, strengthen tobacco seedling transplanting droughtresistance ability, improve survival rate and reduce transplanting cost. [Conclusion] The waterbreak film uncovering seeding method is appropriate for extension and application.
Key words Fluecured tobacco; The two section type floating system; Seeding; Survival rate; Cost
育苗是煙草生产的重要环节,也是烟草优质高产的基础[1]。因此,如何为大田生产提供适时、充足、健壮、整齐的烟苗是当前烤烟生产的首要任务[2]。一般来说,烟苗数量的多少关键在育苗前期,烟苗的壮弱关键在育苗后期,成苗的迟早关键在于出苗期[3]。漂浮育苗是目前烤烟生产中大力推广的一项先进育苗技术,已在美国、巴西等地广泛运用[4]。自1997年以来,漂浮育苗技术在我国被迅速推广,至2005年,六盘水市烤烟育苗已实现100%的漂浮育苗。草碳作为漂浮育苗基质配方所必需的原料,是一种不可再生资源,随着近年来全国漂浮育苗技术的推广普及,草碳被过度开采而面临枯竭,其价格也不断攀升,从而增加了漂浮育苗成本。为解决这一突出问题,近年来六盘水市开始探索二段式漂浮育苗技术,以减少基质用量,降低育苗成本。
六盘水市地处贵州西南部,在烤烟移栽时节雨水匮乏,是典型的抗旱移栽烟区。……
