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γ氨基丁酸富集方法的研究进展

2015-07-13何梦秀陈芳艳钟杨生等

安徽农业科学 2015年15期

何梦秀 陈芳艳 钟杨生等

摘要 γ氨基丁酸(γAminobutyric acid,GABA)是四碳非蛋白质氨基酸,为哺乳动物中枢神经系统主要的抑制性神经递质,具有降血压、改善脑功能、抗癫痫和抗衰老等多种功效。作为一种新型的功能性因子,它越来越引起医药、食品等行业的关注,成为开发研究的热点。GABA广泛存在于动植物及微生物体中,然而欲利用动植物中的GABA加工为功能产品,则需要对生物体中的GABA含量富集提高。几年来,科学家们对GABA富集技术及其产品开发进行了大量研究。该研究综述了γ氨基丁酸的富集方法,并且对其应用前景进行了展望。

关键词 γ氨基丁酸;富集;技术方法

中图分类号 S879.9 文献标识码 A 文章编号 0517-6611(2015)15-015-03

Research Progress of γaminobutyric Acid Enrichment Methods

HE Mengxiu, CHEN Fangyan*, ZHONG Yangsheng et al

(College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510624)

Abstract γaminobutyric acid is a fourcarbon nonprotein amino acids, as the mammalian central nervous system, the major inhibitory neurotransmitter, have lower blood pressure, improve brain function, antiepileptic and antiaging and other effect, it is as a novel functional factors cause more medicine, food and other industries concerned, the development has become a hot research. GABA is widely present in plants, animals and microorganisms, and yet want to make use of animal and plant product development capabilities, improve product quality, GABA concentration in the organism to be improved. In recent years, scientists have a number of studies for GABA enrichment technology and product development. This paper reviews the γaminobutyric acid enrichment methods, and its prospects were discussed.

Key words γaminobutyric acid; Enrichment; Technical methods

γ氨基丁酸(γAminobutyric acid,GABA)又叫氨酪酸或4氨基丁酸,是一種以自由态存在于真核生物和原核生物中的非蛋白质天然氨基酸,是一种新型功能因子,广泛分布于动植物体内,为哺乳动物脑、脊髓中重要的抑制性神经递质[1]。研究表明,GABA具有降血压[2-3]、降低胆固醇[4-6]、增强记忆力、参与脑循环的生理活动、增进脑机能、促进睡眠、镇痛安神、促进生长激素分泌、促进酒精代谢、抗癫痫和焦虑、高效减肥[7]和抗衰老等多种有益的保健功能。神经生理和神经医学的研究表明,GABA是在人脑中一种重要的活性物质。虽然GABA可由脑部的谷氨酸(Glutamic acid,Glu)在专一性较强的谷氨酸脱羧酶(Glutamic acid decarboxylase,GAD)作用下转化而成,但随着年龄的增长和精神压力的加大,GABA的积累异常困难。为此,通过日常饮食的补充,可有效改善这种状况,促进人体健康。……

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