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假鹰爪和九节在交通尾气污染绿地中的生理表现

2015-07-13欧阳勤森袁志永余金昌等

安徽农业科学 2015年15期

欧阳勤森 袁志永 余金昌等

摘要 以在交通尾气污染绿地中生长良好的红叶石楠为对照,比较、分析了在交通尾氣污染绿地假鹰爪、九节和红叶石楠的叶绿素含量、气体交换特征和叶绿素荧光特征。结果表明,假鹰爪和九节叶绿素总含量与红叶石楠不存在差异,它们的PSⅡ最大光化学量子产量(Fv/Fm)均低于红叶石楠。3个试验树种在夏季的净光合速率(Pn )大小为红叶石楠>假鹰爪>九节,在冬季的大小为九节>红叶石楠>假鹰爪。

关键词 假鹰爪;九节;叶绿素;气体交换特征;叶绿素荧光特征

中图分类号 S731.2 文献标识码

A 文章编号 0517-6611(2015)15-008-03

Physiological Performance of Desmos chinensi and Psychotria asiatica in the Environment of Autoexhaust Pollution

OUYANG Qinsen,YUAN Zhiyong,YU Jinchang,WEI Yanglian* et al

(Dongguan Botanical Garden,Dongguan,Guangdong 523086)

Abstract The chlorophyll content,leaf gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of Desmos chinensi and Psychotria asiatica in the environment of autoexhaust pollution were determined in this test,with Photinia × fraseri,who has adapted to autoexhaust pollution,as the control.The results show that there was no significant difference in chlorophyll content among Desmos chinensi,Psychotria asiatica and Photinia × fraseri.Both the quantum yield of PSⅡ electron transport (Fv/Fm) of Desmos chinensi and Psychotria asiatica were lower than that of Photinia × fraseri.The net photosynthetic rate (Pn) of 3 test species was Photinia × fraseri > Desmos chinensi > Psychotria asiatica in summer,but in winter it became Psychotria asiatica>Photinia × fraseri > Desmos chinensi.

Key words Desmos chinensi; Psychotria asiatica; Chlorophyll; Leaf gas exchange,Chlorophyll fluorescence parameters

假鹰爪(Desmos chinensis Lour.)和九节(Psychotria asiatica Linn.)是华南广泛分布的优良乡土植物。假鹰爪为披散或攀援灌木,叶互生,薄革质,矩圆形或矩圆状椭圆形;花与叶对生或近对生,黄白色,香气浓郁;果序如串珠,并会从绿色变成红色再变成紫色,极具观赏性。它适应性强,喜光,耐阴,开花早,且花期较集中,是理想的观赏花卉和庭园绿化苗木[1-2]。九节为耐阴灌木,适于荫蔽、潮湿的环境,是华南天然林、次生林和郁闭人工林下的常见灌木[3]。它叶对生,纸质,矩圆形,网脉不明显;聚伞花序通常顶生,多花;花小,白色;核果,红色。花果期全年。它喜温暖多湿、阳光不强的环境,耐阴性极强,是园林绿化中良好的地被植物。

目前,这两种乡土植物尚未被推广应用。为了探讨这2种植物作为道路绿化植物的可行性,笔者以道路绿化中经常使用且生长良好的红叶石楠(Photinia×fraseri)为对照,比较在道路绿地中假鹰爪、九节和红叶石楠的叶绿素含量、气体交换特征和叶绿素荧光特征,探讨假鹰爪和九节用作带路绿化植物的可能性,旨在为园林工作者选择道路绿化树种提供理论参考。

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