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PICC在恶性肿瘤化疗中的应用效果观察及护理

2014-11-24郑丽娜

中国现代医生 2014年32期
关键词:并发症

郑丽娜

[摘要] 目的 探讨PICC在恶性肿瘤化疗中的应用效果观察及护理。 方法 选择我院2013年1月~2014年1月行PICC置管的恶性肿瘤化疗患者40例为观察组,另选择同期应用颈内静脉置管的恶性肿瘤化疗患者40例为对照组,观察并比较两组患者一次穿刺成功率、平均操作时间、导管留置时间及两组患者穿刺过程中的并发症或意外情况,如周围静脉炎、血气胸、重新调整导管位置、导管堵塞、导管相关感染、渗漏等。 结果 观察组患者一次穿刺成功率达90%(36/40),对照组患者一次穿刺成功率达70%(28/40),观察组患者一次穿刺成功率显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组患者平均操作时间、导管留置时间均明显短于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01);观察组患者穿刺过程中的并发症发生率合计10%(4/40),观察组患者穿刺过程中的并发症发生率合计25%(10/40),观察组患者穿刺过程中的并发症发生率显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。 结论 在恶性肿瘤化疗中应用PICC可以提高穿刺成功率,缩短穿刺时间,延长导管留置时间,降低并发症的发生率,同时配合有效的护理干预措施,可以减轻患者的痛苦。

[关键词] 恶性肿瘤化疗;PICC;并发症

[中图分类号] R473.73 [文献标识码] B [文章编号] 1673-9701(2014)32-0071-03

Observation on effect of application of PICC in malignant tumor chemotherapy and nursing

ZHENG Lina

Department of Surgical Oncology, the Fifth People's Hospital of Shenyang City, Shenyang 110023, China

[Abstract] Objective To investigate the efficacy of PICC in malignant tumor chemotherapy and nursing. Methods In our hospital from January 2013 to January 2014,PICC for malignant tumor chemotherapy patient tube 40 cases for the observation group, chose another application over the same period of internal jugular vein indwelling chemotherapy patients with malignant tumor in tube of 40 patients as control group, the success rate of first puncture, the operation time, catheter indwelling time and two groups of patients during puncture complications, including peripheral phlebitis, hemopneumothorax, re-adjusting the position of the catheter, catheter blockage, leakage, catheter related infection were observed and compared. Results The once puncture success rate of observation group patients was 90%(36/40), the once puncture success rate of control group was 70% (28/40), the first puncture success rate of observation group was significantly higher than the control group, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05); The average operation time, indwelling catheter time in observation group was significantly shorter than the control group, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05 or P<0.01); The puncture complications rate was 10%(4/40) in the observation group, the control group was 25%(10/40), the puncture process complication rate in the observation group was significantly lower than that of the control group, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion The application of PICC in malignant tumor chemotherapy can improve the success rate of puncture, shortening the operation time, prolong the indwelling time, reduce the complication rate, at the same time with the effective intervention measures, can reduce the pain of patients.endprint

[Key words] Malignant tumor chemotherapy; PICC; Complication

恶性肿瘤的治疗主要采取化疗,但化疗药物对血管损害大,输液方式选择不当易引起严重的静脉炎和药物外渗,甚至造成功能障碍[1]。目前临床上首选经外周静脉置入中心静脉导管(PICC导管)给药。PICC为恶性肿瘤化疗患者提供一个可靠的静脉输液途径,避免了机械性静脉炎或化疗药物外渗所导致的化学静脉炎和组织损伤坏死[2]。PICC的操作较为简单,但是日常护理非常重要,应强调对PICC的护理工作。

1 资料与方法

1.1 一般资料

选择我院2013年1月~2014年1月行PICC置管的恶性肿瘤化疗患者40例为观察组,其中男25例,女15例,年龄最小31岁,最大82岁;另选择同期应用颈内静脉置管的恶性肿瘤化疗患者40例为对照组,其中男24例,女16例,年龄最小32岁,最大83岁。两组患者在性别构成比、平均年龄、恶性肿瘤类型等临床资料差异无统计学意义,具有可比性(P>0.05)。所……

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