杜巍

摘要：新型职业农民有别于传统意义上“世袭身份”的“农民”概念，其在主体身份、观念意识、综合素质、专业技能、职业分类等方面具有“新型性”和“职业性”。新型职业农民培育问题是“三农”发展新阶段必须破解的重大课题。作者参与组织开展了湖北职业农民问卷调查和专题座谈，基于对调研情况的问题研究，采用文献资料及比较研究方法，归纳提炼国内外职业农民培育的理论与实践成果，提出了5项建议：制定新型职业农民扶持政策、建立健全新型职业农民教育培训制度、加强对新型职业农民的认定管理、聚集新型职业农民职业培育的社会资源、设立新型职业农民培育建设专项，以期推动农民职业化的发展。

关键词：新型职业农民；职业培训；现状分析；对策；湖北省

中图分类号：G725.83 文献标识码：C 文章编号：0439-8114（2014）17-4214-05

Cultivating New Vocational Peasants in Hubei Province

DU Wei1，2

（1. Rural information and Propaganda Center of Hubei Province， Wuhan 430070， China；

2.Training School of CPC of Hubei Province， Wuhan 430022， China）

Abstract： New vocational peasants are different from “hereditary” farm laborers in traditional sense. “New” and “vocational” refers to the identity of subject， their concept， comprehensive quality， professional skill and classification of occupation. Cultivating of new vocational peasants is a nut that the government need to crack in developing “three rurals”. A questionnaire and a special interview was conducted to study the situation of vocational peasants in Hubei province. Relevant literatures were reviewed and comparative approach was used to study the theoretic and practical achievement made on cultivating vocational peasants at home and abroad. The five advices including policies should be worked out to support new vocational peasants， training systems should be established and improved， accreditation process should be well governed， social resources should be pooled to fund the training of peasants， and special projects should be created for the purpose of prompting the professionalization of peasants were put forward.

Key words： new vocational peasant； vocational training； analysis of present situation； strategy； Hubei province

农民是“三农”工作的能动主体，也是农业农村经济持续发展和社会稳定的重要基石。当前，我国正处于改造传统农业、发展现代农业的关键时期，需要培养一大批具有较强市场意识，懂经营、会管理、有技术、讲诚信、有责任的现代职业农民，确保国家粮食安全和重要农产品有效供给，推进现代农业转型升级，构建新型农业生产经营体系。然而，随着城镇化的迅速发展，大量农民流向城镇，转向非农产业，农村空心化、务农老龄化、农户兼业化趋势加剧，“关键农时缺人手、现代农业缺人才、农业生产缺人力”问题日益突出，未来农村“谁来种地、怎样种地”成为一个重大而紧迫的课题。……