张莉+童绍玉+邹金浪

摘要：以农业生产水资源短缺及其适应能力为切入点，从资源禀赋、供水途径、管理能力、利用水平和生态环境5个方面构建农业水贫困评价指标体系，分析云南省2008-2011年农业水贫困状态及其区域差异，并提出应对农业水贫困的对策。结果表明：①云南省农业水贫困指数由2008年的51.75减少到2011年的44.89，减幅较大的市州集中在中东部，主要为干旱引起资源禀赋分值明显减少所致；②农业水贫困指数减幅较大的市州的资源禀赋、供水途径和生态环境得分减幅同样较大；③干旱时期云南各市州应对农业水贫困恶化的优先措施有所差异，滇中地区的首要任务是完善供水途径，然后是改善生态环境；云南西部市州需优先提高水资源的利用水平，其次为增强管理能力。

关键词：农业水贫困；指标体系；均衡法；空间差异；云南省

中图分类号：S166 文献标识码：A 文章编号：0439-8114（2014）17-4229-06

The Change of Agricultural Water Poverty and Its Regional Variation in

Yunnan Province during Continuous Drought

ZHANG Li1， TONG Shao-yu1，2， ZOU Jin-lang1

（1. Institute of Land & Resources and Sustainable Development， Yunnan University of Finance and Economics， Kunming 650221，China；

2.Department of Geography Science and Tourism Management， Chuxiong Normal University， Chuxiong 675000， Yunan， China）

Abstract： Taking agricultural production and its ability to adapt to water scarcity as a starting point， an agricultural water poverty evaluation system was constructed from five aspects including resource endowment， water channels， management capacity， utilization levels and ecological environment. The state and regional differences of agricultural water poverty in Yunnan province during 2008-2011 were analyzed. Some measures to deal with the agricultural water poverty were proposed. The results showed that agricultural water poverty index of Yunnan decreased from 51.75 in 2008 to 44.89 in 2011，with a decrease concentrated in the eastern part of the larger city. The main resource endowment for the drought-induced decreased in value significantly. The decrease of agricultural water poverty index was consistent with the score reduction of resource endowment， water channels， and ecological environment. Priority measures of different cities in Yunnan province to deal with the deterioration of agricultural water poverty was different. In times of drought， the primary task was to improve the water supply channel in the central region， and then improve the ecological environment. Western region of Yunnan was to improve the utilization level of water first， following by enhancing management capabilities.

Key words： agricultural water poverty； indicator system； equilibrium； regional variation； Yunnan province

水和贫困常常联系在一起，水资源供应不足既是贫困的原因，又是贫困的结果[1]。水已成为制约欠发达地区农业产出和农村贫困人口收入的主要因素，改善农业水管理有助于减少贫困[2]。Sullivan首先提出“水贫困（Water poverty）”这一概念来描述水资源短缺及其社会适应能力缺乏的状态，并构建水贫困指数（Water poverty index，简称WPI）以评价水贫困状态[3-5]。国外对水贫困的研究越来越多，水贫困指数现已发展成为一种多学科交叉的测度水资源的贫乏程度和帮助决策者科学分配水资源、优化水政策介入的工具[6-8]。目前国内对水贫困的研究尚处于引进消化阶段[9]，主要表现为介绍国外水贫困评价方法[10，11]和应用水贫困指数进行实证研究[12]。……