吴智萍++杨碧霞

[摘要] 目的 观察产妇发生尿潴留的原因及护理干预措施。 方法 将具有尿潴留倾向的158例产妇随机分为两组，其中79例为对照组采用常规护理，79例为观察组在对照组护理的基础上采用综合护理干预。 结果 观察组经过护理干预后产后1～3、3～6 h排尿例数显著高于对照组（P<0.05）；观察组的尿潴留发生率为1.27%，显著低于对照组的25.32%（P<0.05），发生尿潴留的主要因素有潜伏期延长、精神因素、胎膜早破、头位异常或头盆不称及宫缩不协调。 结论 加强产妇的健康教育、心理护理及产前、产时的护理干预，可有效降低尿潴留的发生率。

[关键词] 产妇；尿潴留；护理干预

[中图分类号] R473.71 [文献标识码] B [文章编号] 1674-4721（2014）08（a）-0133-03

The causes and nursing intervention of maternal urinary retention

WU Zhi-ping YANG Bi-xia

Chen Xinghai Hospital of Zhongshan City in Guangdong Province，Zhongshan 528415，China

[Abstract] Objective To observe the causes and nursing intervention of maternal urinary retention. Methods 158 cases with urinary retention tendency of maternal were randomly divided into two groups，79 cases in control group were given conventional care，79 cases in observation group were given comprehensive nursing intervention on the basis of the control group. Results The urine samples in observation group after nursing intervention after 1 to 3 h，3 to 6 h were significantly higher than those of control group （P<0.05），the incidence of urinary rete in observation group was 1.27%，significantly less than 25.32% of the control group （P<0.05），the main factors of urinary retention incubation period was extended，mental factor，premature rupture of membranes and abnormal head or not said appetizer and contractions. Conclusion Strengthen the health education，psychological care and maternal antenatal and intrapartum care intervention，which can effectively reduce the incidence of urinary retention.

[Key words] Maternal；Urinary retention；Nursing intervention

产后膀胱内潴留大量尿液胀满而不能自解者称产后尿潴留[1]。尿潴留是产科常见的一种并发症，有器质性和功能性两大类[2]，对孕产妇产后子宫收缩影响较大，并增加患者产后阴道出血量，增加产妇的痛苦[3]。尿潴留临床表现为膀胱膨胀隆起、下腹胀痛、尿液大量存留在膀胱内而不能有意识排出，加重了产妇临产后的痛苦，甚至影响宫缩时的先露下降，产生继发性宫缩乏力、先露下降停止，影响产后子宫收缩致产后大出血，甚至发生膀胱破裂等严重后果。导致产时尿潴留发生的原因有很多，如果能在最短时间内找出发生尿潴留的直接原因，立即给予相应的优质综合护理，可有效加速产程，减少孕产妇不必要的损伤[4-5]。本研究对产前具有尿潴留倾向的79例临产妇进行优质综合护理干预，获得较为理想的效果。

1 资料与方法

1.1 一般资料

选择2010年1月～2012年10月具有产前尿潴留倾向的158例产妇为研究对象，年龄22～36岁，平均（27.8±2.5）岁，孕34～42周，平均（36.2±1.3）周，均为初产妇，分娩方式均为足月顺产或阴道助产，无严重糖尿病、高血压等内科疾病。……