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豆沙溪两栖爬行动物的组成及水电规划的影响及其保护

2012-04-29李海涛

湖北农业科学 2012年15期
关键词:对策影响

李海涛

摘要:采用样线法,结合使用归纳法和访问法,于2011年3~7月对已获国家批准进行水电规划的四川省雷波县豆沙溪流域内的两栖爬行动物作了专项调查。结果表明,该流域两栖爬行动物共有3目11科23种,其中两栖动物有2目7科12种,爬行动物1目4科11种;该流域内两栖爬行动物均为东洋界种类,无古北界种类,分布类型以喜马拉雅—横断山区型为主。根据流域两栖类栖息的生态特点,其生态环境划分为流水、静水、陆地(含陆地—流水、陆地—静水),分布的种类较为均衡;爬行类栖息的生态环境划分为林地、灌草丛、田地,其中灌草丛生态类型是该流域爬行类主要的分布区域。预测分析了该流域水电规划对两栖爬行动物的影响,并提出了相应的环保对策。

关键词:两栖动物;爬行动物;豆沙溪流域;水电规划;影响;对策

中图分类号:Q959.5;Q959.6文献标识码:A文章编号:0439-8114(2012)15-3258-06

Investigation on Amphibians and Reptiles in Doushaxi, Effects of Hydroelectric Station and Conservation Countermeasures

LI Hai-tao

(Xichang College, Xichang 615013,Sichuan,China)

Abstract: A field investigation using line transect method combining induction and questioning survey on amphibians and reptiles was carried out in Doushaxi area, Sichuan province from March to July in 2006, before the construction of hydroelectric station. 12 amphibians belonging to 7 families 2 orders and 11 reptiles belonging to 4 families 1 order, a total of 23 species belonging to 11 families, 3 orders were identified. The amphibian and reptile species in this area were all Oriental species, and mainly Himalayan-Hengduan Mountain type. The eco-system of habitat for amphibian could be divided as flowing water, static water and land(including land-flowing water, land static water); and the distribution of species was balance. Meanwhile the eco-system of habitat for reptiles could be divided as forest, shrub-grassland and field, among which shrub-grassland was the main distribution area for reptiles. The potential effects of hydropower programming on amphibians and reptiles along this area were predicted, based on which conservation countermeasures were put forward.

Key words: Doushaxi; amphibians; reptiles; hydropower planning; influence; countermeasure

水能资源的开发利用需要正确处理开发与保护的关系[1],水电工程项目的选择建设运营都要与生态系统保护和生态与环境建设相适应,真正体现生态效益、经济效益、社会效益的统筹兼顾。水电工程的修建与生态保护的争议由来已久[2],任何水电工程均会造成局部区域生态环境的变化,从而引起动物区系组成、数量、生态分布等方面的变化,造成当地生物多样性的扰动与破坏。水电工程的施工期和竣工后都会给当地动物及其赖以生存的环境带来不同程度的影响,有些影响是暂时性的,竣工后则逐渐消除;……

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