赵振娟

名词性从句中连接代词 what的用法是历年高考试题的热点和难点,学生普遍觉得棘手。现结合近几年的高考题对其用法进行归纳和讲解,并提供高考试题作为巩固练习,希望能对广大考生牢固地掌握其用法有所帮助。

一、用法归纳

what引导名词性从句时,作连接代词,即复合关系代词,意思是“所……的事物/人”, 相当于the thing(s) / people that..., that which...或those which..., 即先行词+关系代词。

二、用法讲解

1. 引导主语从句。请试做下面的高考题:

1. ______ was most important to her, she told me, was her family. (08·山东)

A. It B. This C. What D. As

2. ______ is known to us all is that the 2008 Olympic Games will take place in Beijing. (08·福建)

A. It B. What C. As D. Which

答案与解析:1-2 CB。 以上两道考题的答案都选what, 两个what从句均为主语从句,what 在从句中作主语,表示“……的事”。 注意:第1小题中的she told me是插入语。第2小题中,如去掉is ,则答案为A; 若把is和that都去掉,且加上逗号,答案就是C了。

又如:What was once regarded as impossiblehas now become a reality.

过去认为不可能的事现在已成为现实。

What really matters is the way he deals with dangerous things.

真正有关系的是他处理危险事情的方式。

2. 引导表语从句。请试做下面的高考题:

1. See the flag on top of the building? That was ______ we did this morning. (06·全国I)

A. when B. which C. where D. what

2. Great changes have taken place in that school. It is no longer ______ it was 20 years ago, ______ it was so poorly equipped.

(05·安徽)

A. what; when B. that; which

C. what; which D. which; that

答案与解析:1-2 DA。第1、2小题中,what引导的都是表语从句,并在从句中分别作宾语和表语。另外,第2小题中,when引导的是定语从句。

又如:Times are notwhat they used to be. 时代不同了。

He is notwhat he was a few years ago. 他不是几年前的他了。

3. 引导宾语从句,包括介词的宾语。请试做下面的高考题:

1. When asked ______ they needed most, the kids said they wanted to feel important and loved. (08·湖南)

A. what B. why C. whom D. which

2. Some children want to challenge themselves by learning a language different from ______ their parents speak at home.(08·浙江)

A. what B. that C. which D. one

3. The companies are working together to create ______ they hope will be the best means of transport in the 21st century.( 08·北京)

A. which B. that C. what D. who

4. People in Chongqing are proud of ______ they have achieved in the past ten years. (08·重庆)

A. that B. which C. what D. how

5. As his best friend, I can make accurate guesses about ___ he will do or think.(08·上海)

A. what B. which C. whom D. that

答案与解析:1-5 AACCA。第1、3小题中,what 引导的两个宾语从句都作动词的宾语,在从句中它们分别作宾语和主语。注意:第1小题中When asked = When they were asked;第3小题中的 they hope是插入语。第2、4、5小题中,what 引导的宾语从句都作介词的宾语,在从句中它们分别作动词speak,achieve 和do or think的宾语。

又如:The teacher began to criticizewhat the boy had done.

老师开始批评男孩所做的事。

No one knowswhat will happen next.

谁也不知道下一步有什么事。

My hometown is different fromwhat it was ten years ago.

我的家乡和十年前不同了。