中图分类号 S436.64 文献标识码A 文章编号 1007-7731（2025）15-0021-04

DOI号 10.16377/j.cnki.issn1007-7731.2025.15.006

Integration of key technologies for high yield improvementand quality enhancement inlowyieldorchardsofCaryaillinoinensis

WANG Kairong

（Agriculture and Rural Comprehensive Service Center of Shizi Town Government， Quanjiao County， Quanjiao 239000， China）

AbstractIn this paper，the cultivation and production practice of Carya ilinoinensi with whole pepper in Anhui were combined，theorchard improvement and high yield techniques from aspects such as variety selection，planting densityandspatialconfiguration，soil management，and watermanagement weresummarized.Scientificallassess the performanceof diffrent varieties under actual growth conditions，collectandsortout detailed informationondifrent varieties of this tre species; based onsoil conditions，the planting densityshould be reasonably determined.A planting density of 8 to 10 plants per 667m² is appropriate. Deep ploughing for improvement and hoeing for weeding are carried out to keepthe soil lose.Build irigationand drainage facilities，optimize the water supply and drainage systemof the orchard，and irigationcanbecarriedoutsimultaneouslywithfertilization，which isconducivetoimproving fertilizer eficiency.Balanced application of organicand chemical fertilizers promotes the growth and fruiting offruit trees.By configuring pollination trees and adopting polination methods such as manual spraying or drone spraying，the polination effciencycan be effectively improved.Itcan be intercropped with short-stemmed crops such as beans and Amorphophallus konjac.Scions shouldbe selected from 1to 2-year-old superior variety branches that are healthy and freefromdiseases and pests.Bud grafting should be cariedout inspring whenthe sapisflowing，andthesurvival rate is relatively high.The pruning period is preferably from winter to early spring.Reasonablepruning is conducive to improving theventilationandlightconditions of fruit trees.Practice hasshown thatthese technologiescan ffectively increase the yield andqualityof orchards，providing areferencefor promoting the sustainable developmentof the Carya illinoinensis industry.

KeywordsCarya illinoinensis；low yield orchards;orchard improvement and yield enhancement；pollination management

薄壳山核桃（Caryaillinoinensis）是胡桃科山核桃属的一种高大乔木，其抗低温能力强，不耐干旱，较耐水湿，喜光、喜湿润温热气候，适宜生长温度在15～25^∘C ，偏好土层深厚、排水佳的微酸性、中性土壤。其分布范围较广，生长周期较长。其坚果营养丰富，具备肉厚皮薄、口感佳等优势，在市场上广受消费者欢迎。

随着薄壳山核桃种植规模的逐步扩大，有效提升果园产量与果实品质成为种植领域亟待解决的核心问题。王磊彬等对薄壳山核桃低产林的形成原因进行了调研分析，认为建园不规范、品种混杂、栽培管理粗放等制约了薄壳山核桃产业发展，并提出了系列改良措施。唐菲等2研究表明，合理施肥有利于提高薄壳山核桃果实品质。王晶晶等3研究表明，适宜的农林复合种植模式，有助于改善林地土壤环境，促进薄壳山核桃生长。近年来，安徽全椒县大力发展薄壳山核桃产业，产量与种植面积逐年提升。在实际种植中，部分果园产量不稳定、果实品质良莠不齐等问题逐渐显现。因此，深人研究薄壳山核桃低产果园丰产改良技术，对提高果园经济效益、促进薄壳山核桃产业的可持续发展具有重要意义。本文结合安徽全椒薄壳山核桃栽培生产实践，从品种筛选、种植密度与空间配置、土壤管理等方面总结其果园丰产改良技术，为薄壳山核桃产业的健康发展提供参考。

1品种筛选

品种筛选的目的主要是提高薄壳山核桃产量、改善坚果品质、增强抗病性。……