抗疲劳训练在赛艇长距离教学中的应用路径研究
2025-08-13高永峰
【中图分类号】G806 【文献标识码】A 【文章编号】2095-2813(2025)20-0017-04
[Abstract] This paper conducts a systematic research on the application ofanti fatigue training inlong-distance rowing teaching,aiming to improve athletes'anti fatigue abilityand optimize the teaching efectivenessoflong-distance rowing. Long-distance rowing poses chalenges toathletes'enduranceandanti fatigue ability,and anti fatigue training has become a major component of long-distance rowing teaching.The research delves into the generation mechanisms of physiological fatigueand psychological fatigue inlong-distancerowing,and explores theapplication pathsof anti fatigue training from four dimensions: physiological adaptation,technical optimization,psychological regulation,and fatigue recovery. It highlights theirrolesof these pathways in strengthening the physical ftness forlong-distance rowing, improving theeconomyof rowing movements,enhancing theadaptabilityto neural fatigue,and eliminating fatigue throughout the entire cycle.These paths provide systematic and scientific training method guidance for anti fatigue training in long-distance rowing teaching.
[KeyWords]Antifatigue training;Long-distance rowing teaching; Physical function;Psychological adjustment
作者简介:高永峰(1977一),男,本科,高级教练员,研究方向为青少年赛艇训练。
赛艇作为一项需要高强度的耐力性水上运动,对运动员的有氧代谢能力、肌肉耐力及心理韧性均提出了极高要求。在长距离赛艇项目中,运动员需持续完成2000m 甚至更长的比赛距离,其间能量消耗巨大,乳酸堆积显著,神经肌肉系统长时间处于高负荷状态。随着现代赛艇竞技水平的不断提升,运动员的训练负荷逐年增加,但过度训练导致的疲劳问题日益突出,成为运动表现提升的瓶颈。在国际高水平赛事中,后半程因体能下降引发的技术变形、桨频失控等现象屡见不鲜,往往会直接影响比赛成绩。与此同时,运动员在长期大负荷训练下出现的心理倦怠、动机下降等神经疲劳问题,进一步限制了其训练效果。如何科学实施抗疲劳训练已成为长距离赛艇教学的重要课题。
1长距离赛艇运动疲劳产生机制
1.1生理疲劳
长距离赛艇运动对人体能量代谢系统形成了持续性且高强度的挑战。运动过程中,肌肉需不断收缩以驱动桨叶划水,持续消耗三磷酸腺苷(ATP)储备。当ATP快速消耗后,机体启动磷酸原系统、糖酵解系统及有氧氧化系统补充能量。但随着运动时间延长,无氧代谢产生的乳酸逐渐堆积,改变肌肉内环境酸碱度,抑制肌纤维收缩能力[1]。同时,长时间运动导致电解质随汗液流失,尤其是钠、钾离子失衡会干扰神经肌肉兴奋性传导,使肌肉收缩效率下降。……
